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創立してすでに130年のSEIKOを越えて、世界が表して壇の上で表現するずっとよく見通しがつきます。人類の初めてでみごとに月の同一の年（1969年）に上がって、ブランドは全世界の初の石英の時計を発表して、1歩進んで後続石英の時計の革命を動かして、価格の安い絶対的な優位と幸運で精密で正確だ、現代の主流の機械に対して表して極めて大きいのをもたらして震撼します。

        ブランドの得意の種目はもちろん安くて良い石英の時計を製造するのなだけではなくて、1960年にのGRANDSEIKOを創立して、50数年は表を作成する規準のため「精密で正確だ」と「実用的だ」を献上しに来て、石英の時計、機械で或いはブランドの独占的なSpringDrive第3種類の腕時計などの領域を表して、すべてとっくに東洋のトップクラスの腕時計の代名詞になりました。更に殊勝なのは、SEIKOは今に少数が全部の部品の時計工場を自製する能力があるのです。

        新作は3日GMT腕時計を精錬して、中着く外にから、完璧に少しも品質に対して大和の表を作成する技術茍少しも妥協しない精神が現れませんでしたおよび。外観部分、殻を表して少なくとも20ページが入念なのをとって売り払って針金をつくって磨き上げるあって、豊富な視覚の段階が現れて思って、もとは氷のように冷たい鋼材を譲って、ありありと人に気に入って手放せなくならせる手首の上で芸術品のため。きわめて容易な重さは大きさの腕時計のバンドを設けて作る垢のステンレスがないをの採取して、設計するのとエルゴノミクスの表す殻の内側の線に合って続けて一気になって、ユーザーがつけるのを確保する時は手と快適性を貼ります。http://copy2017.com/list/39

        完璧なの、あやうく厳しすぎる要求をする日本の精神を集中します

For the pool service guy, the public pool operator, or the home pool owner who wants the most accurate testing, one need look no further west than the state of Maryland, home to two of the largest manufacturers of pool and spa test kits.

From the Free State comes ways to measure pool water in all sorts of ways. Test kits, strips and meters to measure sanitizer levels (bromine, chlorine, biguanide), water balance (pH, alkalinity, calcium hardness, cyanuric acid) and metals (iron, copper, manganese). There are also testers for salt levels (for pools with salt chlorine generators), and test strips for phosphates or bacteria.

Today, let’s compare and contrast two top offerings by both of these esteemed Mid-Atlantic water testing companies, in a battle royale for pool and spa testing superiority!

The ColorQ test kit is a digital test kit for pools and spas by LaMotte. It uses a colorimeter to read light spectrums through a test sample in a vial, and display a digital test reading. The ColorQ test kit is available as a 7-test version, the ColorQ Pro 7, with more tests in the ColorQ Pro 9 or 11 test kits.

Users report that the ColorQ kit is faster and easier to use than the Taylor test kit, because you only need 1 reagent per test. Many also call it more accurate, because it removes human visual interpretation of slight shades of hue, such as when using a Taylor test kit.

LaMotte ColorQ Test Kit instructions

Critics of the ColorQ test kit, however state that a digital test reader, although excellent at reading small color changes, as observed with a pH and chlorine test, may give inaccurate readings for cyanuric acid, which is a turbidity test, and prefer the disappearing dot test, as used by Taylor. Users have also reported differences in alkalinity and calcium tests when they do side-by-side testing – Taylor and LaMotte.

In most cases, however, when using fresh batteries and fresh reagents, the LaMotte ColorQ test kit can deliver consistent, accurate results for all pool or spa tests. Cold water temperature, reagent age or unit calibration can affect some test results substantially.

When you talk about a Taylor test kit, you are usually talking about the K2005 DPD test kit, or the K2006 FAS-DPD test kit, which uses a titration test to check chlorine levels. Titration tests are when you count the number of drops until you get a desired color change, and then multiply the number of drops by x, usually 10, to produce your reading.

Taylor K2005 and K2006 kits use a color matching test for pH, where you add 5 drops of indicator solution and compare the color in the vial to the color chart. LaMotte does the same, only more accurately one would assume, with a digital spectrometer. The same for chlorine and bromine tests, Taylor uses a visual comparison of the sample test color, and LaMotte reads it digitally – with the exception of the K2006 test kit, which uses titration, as described above.Taylor kits have the advantage of having Acid Demand and Base Demand tests, which tell you how much acid or base to add to achieve a desired change in pH level.

Taylor K-2005 Test Kit instructions

Calcium Hardness and Alkalinity tests with the K2005 or K2006 are done with a titration test, without limits on how high you can go (LaMotte colorimeter has a limit on the high range). The cyanuric acid test, a turbidity test, would seem to be easy for the ColorQ tester, measuring how cloudy the water is – yet there are those that say that Taylor’s disappearing dot method produces more accurate results.

The downside to the Taylor tests is that there are a lot of reagents to add for each test, and some of the tests rely on human vision and color matching skills. Compared to ColorQ, the ranges are slightly more limited for pH, chlorine and cyanuric acid, but nearly unlimited for higher alkalinity and hardness readings.

Both are extremely popular, and easy test kits to use. ColorQ is faster – but the K-2005 may be more accurate. Choose the test kit that appeals to you most.

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The pressure on supply chains due to the pandemic and the war is affecting raw material availability and supply. Rising logistics and energy costs are exacerbating the situation. A significant improvement is not in sight in the short term. For binder manufacturers, the issue of sustainability is becoming increasingly important.

Rising logistics and energy costs are exacerbating the situation. A significant improvement is not in sight in the short term. For binder manufacturers, the issue of sustainability is becoming increasingly important. The Covid-19 outbreak caused disruptions in the supply chain. Prices and availability of raw materials came under pressure. For many binders, such as epoxy resins, prices exploded significantly. An increase in the high double-digit percentage range was no longer the exception. This development began in the last quarter of 2020 and continues today. Prices remain at a high level. There is no relief in sight, as other factors besides the pandemic are now affecting the market. According to the market research company Allied Market Research, for example, uncertain demand from sectors such as the automotive industry and construction led to an imbalance between supply and demand. Thus, the paints and coatings market experienced oversupply or shortage of supply. This is restraining the growth of the paint resins market.

“The Corona period was characterised by great demand and problems regarding availability. The renovation and construction boom declined significantly. Innovation projects could therefore only be implemented sluggishly, as customers had no laboratory capacities for this. Currently, we can talk more about innovations and new developments again,” says Lars Ossenschmidt from Worlée-Chemie. His colleague Dr Toine Biemans adds that many people painted their houses during the Corona period and less was built. The industrial sector also had to deal with declines. As a result, demand has gone down. Increased commodity prices and the Russia-Ukraine conflict are not contributing positively.
“Pressure on the supply chain due to the Corona pandemic and the Ukraine war is impacting security of supply and driving up costs in the paint binder industry. This highlights the industry’s dependence on fossil raw materials. Furthermore, the need for sustainable solutions has increased in urgency, in addition to the fundamental desire to reduce the carbon footprint along the value chain and improve industrial hygiene due to increasing regulation,” says Dickon Purvis of Covestro.

Oliver Kossanyi from Evonik also says that due to the current political situation, there is a certain tension, for example, with regard to the availability and supply of raw materials. This runs through the entire value chain. However, he also notes a high level of innovation: “Many product solutions – also downstream of the binder – are currently being introduced to the market – almost all of them are related to the topic of sustainability. Dr Ulrich Nauber of Dow also describes the current situation in the market for paint binders as tense with no optimistic forecast: “From both a macro- and micro-economic perspective, the market continues to face significant challenges. A significant improvement is not in sight in the short term.”

Challenges are manifold

From Ossenschmidt’s point of view, the high raw material prices are a burden on both binder manufacturers and their customers. In addition, the war will cause shifts in the markets for certain raw materials, such as some vegetable oils. “The demands regarding sustainable product development require a high commitment of resources in the innovation departments,” says Ossenschmidt. Nauber identifies volatile market developments as a challenge for binder manufacturers. “These are driven by sharply increased logistics and energy costs as well as fluctuating demand in the markets due to geopolitical tensions, inflation fears and so on. This is testing all partners in the value chain,” Nauber points out.

For Purvis, in terms of the current situation, there are currently three main challenges. “The most urgent of these is ensuring a stable supply of raw materials. However, it is a very dynamic situation that requires constant adjustment. Another issue that is developing rapidly is the regulation of industrial hygiene. The binder manufacturers must try to anticipate the regulations in their innovation processes in order to continue to guarantee their customers freedom of action after the introduction of new regulations. Last but not least, reducing the carbon footprint is an issue that cannot be addressed by a single manufacturer, but requires cooperation along the value chain. Fundamental issues within the value chain such as approaches, the type of evidence required and the transparency of the origin of sourced raw materials are constantly evolving.”
Kossanyi also talks about sustainability when it comes to the topic of challenges: “Binders should also make a contribution here. In the flexible packaging industry, for example, hot-seal lacquers for mono-PET packaging are currently in increasing demand. However, the sustainable product solution must also be verifiable here – be it through calculations of life cycle analyses for the assessment of the CO₂ footprint or through external certifications.”

Demands of paint and coatings manufacturers on binder producers

Paint and coatings manufacturers always look to innovate, according to Purvis, but they are also driven by similar challenges as binder manufacturers: namely, stable supply, ensuring their freedom to operate and reducing their carbon footprint. “However, a common element in all these areas in recent years has been convenience. Drop-in solutions that offer the same or better performance than existing solutions but have a lower carbon footprint. Solutions that do not require additional measures for safe handling are attracting a lot of interest in the market,” says Purvis.

The availability of certain raw materials and especially high prices play a big role in many discussions with our customers, Ossenschmidt shares. “Binders determine the properties of coatings and paints to a very large extent. The quantity used is also relatively large compared to other raw materials for coatings. In the further development of coating systems towards more sustainable products, the focus is therefore also on this raw material. Due to the diversity of possible future requirements and the relatively long development and implementation times, a broad and wide view is required of the binder manufacturer.” Another requirement is bio-based and sustainable solutions with the same quality, adds Biemans. He does not talk about prices because raw material prices are so high. But this will certainly be decisive.

On the demands that paint and coatings manufacturers place on binder producers, Nauber sees security of supply as the order of the day. “In addition to a sustainable price development, the development of much more sustainable products is also one of the essential requirements”. In addition to the requirements for sustainable product solutions, there is also an increased requirement profile for product properties, Kossanyi emphasises. As an example, he cites heat-seal lacquers, which are also used for paper packaging and, in the best case, have barrier properties. Besides paper, many new substrates are coming onto the market, some of which still have to establish themselves. Here, too, it is important to ensure functionality with the appropriate binder.

R&D focused on sustainability

Allied Market Research expects demand for bio-based paints and coatings to increase in the coming years. This is due to the growing awareness on the part of end-users as well as stricter regulations regarding VOC content. This is expected to drive demand for paint resins that meet these requirements.

According to Kossanyi, research activities are clearly focused on the topic of sustainability. This includes short-term topics such as product modification, for example, to achieve a further improved CO₂ balance for binders. But medium- and long-term research work also focuses on the development of sustainable product innovations.

“Over the years we have developed a broad technological toolkit that also includes aqueous and 100 % UV-curing solutions. Our key driver of innovation is to ensure that we have solutions that take into account a product’s carbon footprint at every stage of the product lifecycle, such as: sustainable, non-fossil raw materials; higher productivity and lower energy requirements in application; the use of lighter, more durable materials in use; and the ability to recycle products at the end of their life,” says Purvis.

At Worlée-Chemie, all current projects must consider at least one factor of sustainability, Ossenschmidt points out. According to Biemans, no projects are generally undertaken any more that do not somehow take a sustainability aspect into account. “The issue of sustainability concerns us at all levels. We will undertake a complete restructuring of our portfolio in the next few years. To speed up project work, we are preparing many technologies and topics and going to our customers with prototypes at an early stage. We have to be able to react agilely because of the short-term changes,” says Ossenschmidt.

Nauber agrees: “The topic of sustainability has long been a very important part of R&D and has now become an integral part of the development of any product group. New developments must make a clear contribution to the many issues of sustainability, such as circular economy/resource conservation and health/well-being.”

Here’s another one of Kaydon’s wide variety of bearing solutions. The Reali-Slim TT series includes the first small-scale, thin section turntable bearings designed for demanding applications. Reali-Slim TT series turntable bearings save weight, reduce product design envelope sizes and increase design flexibility. Reali-Slim TT® bearings offer significant advantages vs. conventional slewing ring bearings, including:

Smaller size (smallest bore size is 1.5-in., the largest is 6.0-in., and the height is only .25-in.)
Greater accuracy—the extended radial bearing section increases rigidity, and optional preload or clearances meet application torque or deflection requirements
Easier to use—fast installation and change-out
Available in custom configurations: many drive options, gearing/timing belt, mounting hole types
Designed to withstand harsh operating environments when specified with AISI-440C steel races and steel-reinforced seals

Design features

Reali-Slim TT series turntable bearings are a proven, single four-point contact ball radial design, consisting of a single row of balls with a unique “gothic arch” raceway and one-piece separators for low frictional torque. Radial, axial and moment-load capable, Reali-Slim TT turntable bearings are shipped pre-lubricated and ready for use. Installation is fast and easy; the bearing is positioned on the mounting face and tightened down by mounting screws.

Availability
Versions are available with optional internal or external spur gear, or in non-geared designs. The geared versions are 64 diametric pitch with 20° pressure angle, AGMA Class 10, and provide low backlash. The bearings are cleaned and packaged in an ISO Class 7 clean room, and up to ISO Class 5 clean room standards are also available.

Applications

Reali-Slim TT series are suitable for demanding applications including robotics, radar antennae, and factory positioning and inspection tables.

Kaydon Bearings
www.kaydonbearings.com

本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用

本教程适用版本：WPS Office 2019 PC版  点此使用

我们平时写文章时为了方便，文章生成一个目录在查找的时候就很容易找到，而且目录是论文中非常重要的一部分，那么如何自动生成目录呢，文章更新后目录又该如何修改呢，WPS Word的简单操作，就可轻松自动生成目录并更新。

最开始先介绍论文的基本格式，论文一般由题名、目录、摘要、关键词、正文、参考文献和附录等部分组成，其中部分组成（例如附录）可有可无。简而言之，生成目录是对论文文章的梳理，然后进行多级序列的样式定义和设置（正常论文要求里面有要求一级序列XX字体，几号字这类）。

案例：那么现在以一篇整理好的文章为例，讲解如何实现目录自动生成。

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首先用Word打开文章，点击工具栏的【视图】按钮，选择【大纲】视图，出现以下界面。

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其次，要进行序列定义，换句话说就是对序列进行层级划分。即标题1属于一级序列，标题2属于二级序列，标题3属于3级序列，以此类推。具体操作是：把光标停留在一级目录的前方，点击左上方的一级目录。

在本文中，我们把摘要、关键词，“在情感上认同目标”，”可视化你的目标”，”每天都重新审视一下目标”，参考文献等作为一级目录，即一级标题。

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把“每天都确定最重要的那件事”，“早起”列为二级目录，即二级标题。

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把”根据实际工作为身体补充能量”，”让自己多与高效人士在一起”列为三级序列，即三级标题。

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最后一步，自动生成目录。

把鼠标光标移动到要插入目录的地方，我的目录是要插入在参考文献下面。

在菜单栏上找到【引用】，在目录模块下找到目录，点击下拉菜单，选择【插入目录】。

进入插入目录的预览框和设置框，可以进行目录形式、风格以及每个序列的设置。

1）样式的修改。这里还能修改每个序列的字体、大小等等。

2）样式的排序。从“选项”进去设置修改完毕，预览无误，点击右下角的“确定”。

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选择工具栏【视图】按钮下的【页面】视图工具，就可以看到自己生成的目录啦。

如果目录需要修改，可以按照上述步骤对目录重新定义序列后，选择工具栏【引用】下的【更新目录】就可以更新新的目录啦，有只更新页码和更新整个目录两种更新方式。

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最后的呈现效果如下图所示，简单易操作的自动生成目录技巧，你学会了吗？

本教程适用版本：WPS Office 2019 PC版  点此使用

Polypropylene Pall ring packing is widely used, which increases the direct economic benefits of chemical plants. Let us understand the application of polypropylene Pall rings in PVC. It has the advantages of simple structure, large empty tower speed change range and simple manufacture. Packed towers with a diameter of less than 1 meter are still widely used in PVC production enterprises. In the production of PVC, this packed tower usually uses corrosion-resistant non-metallic materials, such as ceramic packing.

Raschig ring packings made of ceramics are commonly used in the vinyl chloride synthesis section of plants. A few years later, the resistance of the alkali system was large, the alkali tower was blocked, and it was found that the mud in the circulating alkali solution increased. Due to the contact of alkaline medium, although the ceramic saddle ring packing with good strength and high efficiency is used, it is not easy to be blocked by suspended solids during production and operation, and the phenomenon of packing corrosion and blockage of the tower also occurs after use.

Ceramics are corrosion resistant, but not resistant to hydrofluoric acid and alkalis. It is a brittle material that tends to form fragments and block pipes and systems under the impact of airflow. The tensile strength is low, and when suddenly quenched and heated, it is easy to crack even if the thermal stress generated by repeated cold and hot cycles is not large.

The factory started to replace the ceramic packing with polypropylene Pall rings, which achieved good results, and there was no tower blockage caused by packing corrosion. Due to the light weight of the polypropylene Pall ring packing, the stacked weight is only 1/10 of the ceramic Raschig ring and 1/7 of the ceramic Pall ring, so the weight of the packing in the tower is greatly reduced, and the polypropylene Pall ring will not break and will not break. Produces debris that clogs pipes. But polypropylene Pall rings are lightweight and can easily be carried away by air currents, causing blockages in pipes and systems. A closing flower plate should be provided at the gas outlet. The use of polypropylene Pall rings to replace ceramic fillers has achieved good production benefits.

                                                                                       

 DESCRIPTION

* Pre-Order 15 days

Size / CM Bust Shirt Length Waist Hip Pants Length Height S 90 62.5 87 88 92 155 M 94 66.5 90 92 94 160 L 98 68.5 93 96 96 165 XL 102 70.5 96 100 98 170 2XL 110 72.5 99 104 100 175 3XL 120 74.5 102 108 102 180

 

Designer: Feng Ya Si Zhi 风雅司制

Please check HERE for more of her designs. 

 

VAMPIRE VAPE HEISENBERG COLA NIC SALT E-LIQUID

Vampire Vape Heisenberg Cola offers their revered trademark flavour of fruity and icy Heisenberg with the timeless taste of Original Coke, perfect for vapers looking to elevate their penchant for cola flavours.
Explore more of Vampire Vape ranges, such as their Bar Salts and Koncept Shortfills, for other fruity, menthol, and unique flavours. 

Specifications

• Flavours: Mixed Fruits, Menthol, Cola
• Nicotine Type: Nicotine Salt
• Bottle Size: 10ml
• Nicotine Strength: 10mg & 20mg
• VG/PG Ratio: 50/50
• Vaping Style: MTL
• Easy Fill Nozzle
• Childproof Cap

Since 2012, Vampire Vape has strived to become one of the leading e-liquid manufacturers, now receiving accolades worldwide for their award-winning flavours crafted through cutting-edge manufacturing. Through years of diligent research and state-of-the-art production, Vampire Vape has expanded from 12 classic flavours to a whopping 60 award-winning flavour combinations, such as Heisenberg and Pinkman.

With 10mg and 20mg nicotine salt strengths available, you can quickly satisfy your cravings. Using nicotine salts provides a smoother throat hit, enhancing your overall vaping experience. 

Perfectly balanced in a 50/50 PG/VG concentration, Vampire Vape Nic Salt e-liquids are perfect for mouth-to-lung vaping and are ideally used with Vape Starter Kits and Pod Vape Kits.

Are you new and trying out vaping for the first time? You should check out our beginners’ guide, where we simplify vaping to its fundamentals and explain the benefits of switching to your first vape kit.

Implementing projects has become a part of the rhythm of life for the vast majority of companies and organizations, regardless of the industry in which they operate. No wonder that the need for effective, successful project management has become a goal in itself, and a dense network of methodologies has emerged around project management in order to achieve it. In our article, we’ll present you some of them and advise you on how to choose the best methodology for your project.

Why may you need project management methodologies?

Project management is defined as a process during which the person managing the project carries out deliberate planning and control of the tasks included in the project, and ensures the appropriate allocation of funds assigned to the project, using the appropriate techniques and methods. They do all this in order to achieve the imposed requirements within the specified period and in accordance with the designated costs.

Project management as a discipline was born from the combination of several types of engineering, as early as the beginning of the 20th century. However, it took five decades to understand that without the right tools and techniques, achieving project success may be just a dream. A project, as a highly complex undertaking that requires the involvement of significant but limited resources, is characterised by high levels of uncertainty and risk. A properly selected project management method provides ways to deal with this, as well as with uncertainty and complexity, so that the project goal is achieved. By using recognized project methodologies, we can be sure that projects are managed in an optimal way, bringing business benefits within the project budget and specified time set.

According to the KPMG report from October 2019, nearly 70% of the surveyed Polish companies use their own internal proprietary project management methodology. Self-created solutions are considered the most effective because they are tailored to the specifics of the projects and the functioning of the organization. However, to develop your own project management method, you should rely on the commonly accepted and proven methodologies. Further in the article, we’ll present the most popular methodologies and tell you about our own project management method that works well at Droptica.

Waterfall Project Management

One of the most popular among the traditional project management methodologies is the Waterfall model. According to it, the tasks of the project should be performed one after another. Thus, only after completing one task can you start the next one. Hence, the planning stage is very extensive – precise schedules and cost estimates are created, and the design documentation is very broad.

Waterfall works well in projects where the products and scope of work are constant. It may not be the best choice for comprehensive IT projects, where the market is very dynamic and frequent changes are commonplace. The Waterfall method is less flexible than other project management methodologies because it isn’t possible to go back to the previous development phases. Therefore, after completing the planning phase, we must follow through with what was originally planned. What else makes Waterfall stand out?

Advantages:

• Good project documentation helps to control its course.
• The process is linear so its course is easy to understand or predict.
• At the planning stage, the client can see what will happen and when step by step (at least according to plans).

Disadvantages:

• Any changes to the design can’t be made in a flexible manner.
• The first changes are presented and put into action only after all the planned tasks have passed through every design stage.

Agile

In response to classic project management methods, agile methodologies were created around the Agile philosophy. Agile itself isn’t a methodology or a process – it’s a way of thinking based on flexibility, transparency and common sense. In contrast to the Waterfall model, Agile assumes that at the beginning of the project we aren’t able to precisely plan its entire course. Therefore, the work on a project, carried out in accordance with the spirit of agility, is divided into short cycles – iterations.

What does an iteration mean?

In the iterative approach to project implementation, we create detailed plans only for the nearest period of time, called the iteration. Each iteration has a clearly defined goal and, depending on its implementation, plans for the next one are created. In the course of implementing tasks, the project plan takes shape in response to the current needs – the project goals. This gives an unusual openness to changes in the scope of the project. It’s true that the final solution is delivered in smaller parts, but on a regular basis and with greater care for the current purpose of the project. In addition, dividing the work into short iterations allows you to improve the quality of the product – any potential errors or deviations from expectations are detected and removed on an ongoing basis. Iteration is the ground of all project management frameworks that were built based on the Agile philosophy.

Kanban

The Kanban methodology has its roots in the production industry, where kanban as a board was used to visualize the progress of the production tasks. A classic Kanban board includes the following task categories: To do, In Progress, and Done, representing the phase the task is in. The idea behind Kanban is to adjust the number of tasks to be performed by the team – avoiding too many tasks in progress and eliminating bottlenecks that disrupt the process.

The Kanban board in Jira, a project management tool. Source: Atlassian

Kanban is a perfect fit for projects that require a quick response to change while reducing the planning. It may not work well if the project is characterized by a high level of complexity and has multiple stages of implementation.

Advantages:

• Perfectly visualizes the current status of work.
• It helps to identify the tasks that are bottlenecks and directly affect the pace of task completion and downtime.

Disadvantages:

• It requires constant control and updating to correctly visualize the current course of the project.
• It won’t suit interdisciplinary, large project teams and task-rich projects well.
• It’s a very basic method, so it may not be enough for effective project management.

Scrum

Scrum assumes great involvement of the team and its self-organisation. Although it provides freedom in terms of implementation, its structure and basic principles are clearly defined and should be followed by the project team to take full advantage of this method. The Scrum methodology is easiest to describe through the 3-5-3 structure, which in turn corresponds to: 3 roles, 5 events, and 3 artifacts.

3 roles in Scrum

Product Owner is responsible for the product backlog, that is a set of all tasks to be performed. They set the priorities, have a clear product vision, and work closely with the rest of the design team to guide the works. They verify the value delivered on each iteration, but trust in their team’s abilities.

Scrum Master cares about adhering to the Scrum rules. They’re a coach, a mentor, and help the project team work effectively by identifying and reducing the bottlenecks. They make the team focused on achieving a common goal, ensure continuous improvement of the process and the value delivered to the client.

Development Team is a self-organising and self-managing team that carries out tasks included in the sprint backlog (the set of tasks to be completed in a given sprint), working closely with the Product Owner.

5 events in Scrum

Sprint is the time period (always the same within a given project) during which the project team completes the tasks scheduled in the sprint backlog. During a sprint, the Product Owner can test ready-made solutions on an ongoing basis, but they can’t change the content of the backlog.

Sprint planning is an event where the development team and Product Owner jointly define the priorities and scope of a future sprint.

Daily meeting is a daily 15-minute-long meeting of the development team with the Scrum Master or the Product Owner. During that time the team talks about what has been achieved the previous day, what will be done today, and reports whether there are any problems that may affect the success, that is – achieving the sprint’s goal.

Sprint Review is a meeting that consists in presenting the achieved results of a sprint. Of course, the review takes place at the end of a given sprint and is often combined with a retrospective. The entire project team – developers, the Scrum Master and the Product Owner – always participates in the sprint review. It isn’t uncommon for the stakeholders (individuals or organizations involved or interested in the project) to also be invited to the meeting.

Sprint retrospective is a meeting where the project team discusses the past sprint to determine what could’ve been done better and to be able to implement it in the next sprint.

3 artifacts

Product backlog is a set of tasks, the completion of which will lead to achieving the project goal.

Sprint backlog is a set of tasks from the product backlog, the completion of which will lead to achieving the sprint goal.

Product increment is the goal of every sprint, the specific value that the project team provides at the end of a given sprint.

 

When to use Scrum methodology?

Scrum works for highly flexible teams that can quickly adapt to change and are managed by experienced managers with a unique ability to prioritize tasks. The Scrum method is one of those iterative methodologies in which we can quickly test new solutions and immediately fix any errors.

Advantages:

• Focus on continuous improvement of the project implementation process.
• Ability to divide the project into smaller parts that can be implemented in accordance with the client’s priorities.

Disadvantages:

• The success of the project depends on the close cooperation of the team and compliance with the Scrum rules and regulations.
• The lack of breaks between sprints may cause the project team members to burn out quickly.

Scrumban

Scrumban was created as a combination of the Kanban and Scrum approaches. It employs the agile approach of Scrum, but takes it to an even higher level. Scrumban deviates from the restrictive use of sprints, thanks to which it allows for the freedom of choosing the tasks to be performed. The project team focuses on priorities without dreading the moment of reviewing what has been accomplished in accordance with the plan within a given time period.

Design on demand is Kanban’s domain, but Scrumban borrowed more from this methodology. As in Kanban, workflow visualization is very important in the Scrumban methodology. The use of a Kanban board provides all team members with constant access to project information.

Source: Kissflow

Scrumban works well for difficult, demanding projects, full of unexpected changes of priorities. It’s particularly perfect for project management consisting in improving a newly-created product or creating Proof of Concept solutions, where individual functionalities will be extended with successive iterations.

Advantages:

• It perfectly visualizes the workflow in the project.
• It helps to quickly identify which tasks contribute to the formation of bottlenecks.
• It cuts down the complex rules and theories, and reduces the number of meetings, which saves time and increases the efficiency of the project team.

Disadvantages:

• Every team member can work on no more than one task at a time.
• Giving up the daily meetings limits the role of the Project Manager in controlling the process and their possible rapid response.

What methodology do we use at Droptica?

At Droptica, we work in the spirit of Agile, based on flexibility, transparency and, above all, common sense. When managing projects, we always focus on the needs of our project teams and the individual requirements of the client.

Our very own project management method is characterised by agility, and during its creation we relied, for example, on the Scrum, Kanban and Scrumban methodologies.

As in Scrum, sprints set the rhythm for our work. We deliver value within short iterations, but we don’t always plan the entire sprint with perfect accuracy. Thanks to this, we leave some space for a change of priorities and implementation of small, but very important from a business point of view, tasks appearing “on the fly”. Scrumban gives us the freedom to choose the tasks to be performed. Thanks to its flexibility, the project team can always focus on the most important tasks.

For most projects, we use a Kanban board, which perfectly visualizes the progress of the team’s work and makes it easier for the Project Manager to remove possible bottlenecks. We decompose the requirements and estimate them twice a week during backlog grooming sessions. Before transferring tasks to a sprint, we make sure that they are in line with the client’s expectations (in terms of both budget and functions). We also rely on the needs of the company with which we collaborate in the case of reporting. We provide reports in accordance with the individual needs of the client, not necessarily on the basis of a sprint.

We meet every day for daily meetings and the Project Manager takes over the role of the Scrum Master in most projects.

We are guided by continuous development and process improvement, which is why retrospectives are held not only as part of the project sprints. We meet periodically to discuss the work of project teams and verify the effectiveness of internal processes and the tools used.

Which methodology is the best for your project?

Choosing a project management methodology isn’t easy. Every project is a unique, one-of-a-kind undertaking that requires special treatment. In addition, the method should meet the needs of the team that’ll be responsible for its implementation. Unfortunately, the black and white approach, recognizing the superiority of one of the methods, won’t work here. Each of them, in addition to the advantages, is burdened with the disadvantages that may arise in your project.

To choose the right methodology, we recommend looking for the answers to a few key questions:

1. How involved and available will the client or end user be in the project implementation process?
2. What are the client’s workflow tracking needs?
3. Does the client anticipate introducing a large number of changes?
4. How well-documented is the product specification?
5. How quickly must the product resulting from the project implementation be delivered?
6. What is the experience of the organization or members of the project team in working with a given method?

If the answers to the above questions and the knowledge you already have about popular project management methods are still not enough, and you feel lost among the many project management methodologies, our Drupal agency will be happy to help you. Together, we’ll take a look at your project, talk about its implementation and develop clear rules of cooperation. We’ll properly adjust the way of managing your project to ensure its success.

More and more companies and individuals are choosing to create and post content online rather than print it on paper. Is digital publishing really a better solution for those who have something to share with a larger audience? Read our article to find out the answer to this question.

What is digital publishing? Definition

Digital publishing consists of posting and distributing content online. The publication can be in the form of a digital file for download or available online for reading via computer, e-reader, tablet, or smartphone. This form of content dissemination is used by bloggers, magazines, editors, and other companies.

According to estimates from Statista, revenue from digital publishing should reach more than $26 billion in 2023. It is assumed that both the number of readers of digital content and the income from this industry will grow. Experts point to the creation and distribution of e-books as the largest segment of this market. 

Advantages of digital publishing

Digital publishing has many advantages. One of them is that it is quicker and cheaper to reach customers. The expenses involved in producing an article (or other content) in digital form are lower than those required to produce physical books or magazines. This enables the price of the final product to be reduced while making it possible to achieve an appropriate level of profit. The lack of a physical form also translates into faster publication, because putting the text online takes incomparably less time than printing and distributing it in stores.

Gaining access to a wide audience also affects the increase in profits. The lower prices of digital publications (due to reduced production and distribution costs) make readers more likely to reach for them. The presence of online or downloadable content means that it can be quickly purchased even by a reader who lives in a completely different part of the world from the creator or the company selling the publication. 

Ease of distribution is also important for consumers. Content is available anytime, anywhere. A digital publication can be purchased and read wherever there is Internet access (or a disk with a downloaded file). The text is always at hand whenever some person needs it. 

Readers appreciate not only the availability of digital publications but also their topicality. This can be achieved through the possibility of editing and improving content. It isn’t possible to correct an error in an already-printed book. However, it’s possible to modify different types of digital publications without any problems (e.g. by changing the content of articles on the newspaper’s website). Authors are also able to update downloads, thus limiting the dissemination of publications with errors or old data. 

Ease of modifying and improving files results in greater reader engagement. Publications in traditional form can only be enhanced with graphics. Digital content can include interactive elements such as buttons, videos, dynamic tables, and charts. 

The development of technology also makes it easier to track the results of a given project. By providing your readers with digital content, you can learn more about them. By integrating publishing tools with analytics solutions, you can gain access to more accurate data, which can then help you refine your business strategy.

Digital publishing examples

Digital publications can be in the form of downloadable files or online content (e.g. in an application or on a website). 

Blogs

Blogs are run by experts from different industries or entire companies to share specific knowledge with readers. Blog content can be divided into paid (downloadable or available on a subscription model) and free.

Online newspapers work in a similar way to blogs. They contain a variety of content – publicly available and with limited access (the reader can purchase a paid subscription). To monetize a blog or online magazine, it’s enough to have a suitable CMS system with e-commerce features.

Newsletters 

A newsletter is an organization’s digital bulletin. It’s an important marketing tool that companies use to communicate brand information and build relationships with their audiences (less commonly, it’s also used to support sales).

In order to receive the newsletter, the reader must fill in a form prepared by the company creating such content and agree to receive it. Messages are sent periodically (weekly, monthly, or quarterly) directly to the email address provided by the user on the form. There are specific email marketing tools (e.g. Mautic) that allow the creation and distribution of newsletters.

Other examples

Digital publications can also take the form of files to be downloaded to a private device. Some of these are some kind of presentation of an offer, e.g., online leaflets or catalogs. Another interesting form of explaining an offer is a presentation, which allows the potential advantages of using the company’s service or product to be discussed in more detail. 

Reports can also be presented using such forms. The results of various studies can also be featured in an e-book. This is nothing more than a digital book (or magazine). This type of publication is created by both companies and individuals who have knowledge in a certain field. Common examples of e-books include any type of book, trade magazines, cultural magazines, etc. Instructions for devices or software may also be provided in the form of a short guide. There are a number of useful publishing tools which a company creating such content should consider using. 

What digital publishing tools are worth using?

Digital publishing tools vary in the number of functionalities. It’s possible to find extensive software and simple applications on the market. They provide interesting solutions for companies (content creation and management, SEO optimization, distribution, sales, reporting, etc.) that want to use digital publishing in their businesses. 

Content creation and publication management 

Publishing platforms are ready-to-use systems (usually available in a SaaS model) that contain various useful tools for digital publishing. They often also offer creators ready-made ways of distributing the developed content – e.g. the possibility of placing a file in an online store.

Companies that prefer solutions better adjusted to the specifics of their work can choose CMS with interesting functionalities. The content management system can be customized to suit the needs of the editor. This may involve integrating additional systems or installing appropriate plugins or modules. These can include a properly adapted CMS, whose developers have built special functionalities for publishers and editors. One such solution is the Drupal content management system. It allows the free management of editorial work (access to individual files and processes) and articles and also gives the user the possibility of using e-commerce functionality.

Another solution is Thunder, a Drupal distribution designed specifically for editors. It facilitates publication planning as well as the use of social media in the dissemination of content. 

Using CKEditor or Gutenberg, also known as WYSIWYG editors, can also be a good approach. These show the user the content exactly as it will look on the web page after formatting. CKEditor is equipped with the text formatting capabilities necessary for someone creating digital publications. The editor can change the font, and text size, insert an enumeration (list), picture, etc. Additional modules introduce more advanced functionality into CKEditor, e.g., defining link attributes. In Drupal, this is the default solution. 

Another editor  – Gutenberg is a tool that provides elements that can be included in the content. This module shares with the user around 60 ready-to-use blocks. Among them are the elements that allow adding content from social media (e.g., from YouTube).

Ecommerce features 

Drupal can also be extended with ecommerce functionalities, thanks to the Drupal Commerce module. The most important features include:

• possibility of presenting different types of products (e-books, audiobooks),
• search engine and the possibility of filtering, creating categories and tags – making it easier for users to find material available on a given portal,
• payment (card, bank transfer, e-wallets) and the ability to use a subscription model – readers of digital publications need to purchase or access them temporarily, so it’s necessary to provide them with the ability to pay promptly for a product or service.

Additional tools 

Editors and companies need additional solutions to increase the online visibility of their content and monitor reader activity. Companies will also benefit from reporting tools. They make it possible to check how much interest there is in digital publications and from which channels readers are reaching them. This allows content to be better tailored to the needs of customers.

Business owners may wonder why traffic to a particular website is low. Sometimes this is due to its low visibility. SEO tools are used to position a web page, i.e., increase its visibility on the web. You can use sophisticated software or opt for a cheaper option – installing a suitable plugin to your CMS.

No less important are marketing automation tools (managing social media content, mailing). They help create, promote, and distribute digital publications through various communication channels.

Digital publishing on the example of WAM Publishing House

An example of the use of digital publishing tools is the website of the WAM Publishing House’s online bookshop. This company had an existing system on Drupal Commerce. Our team supported it in developing the website.

We implemented some interesting solutions to improve the reader experience:

• a module enabling customers to send purchased products as a gift to another person, 
• a module integrating Drupal Commerce with Freshmail, which allowed for better targeting of messages,
• a shop integration with a new delivery method.

What is digital publishing? Summary

Content in traditional form is slowly giving way to digital publications. The latter are often more attractive to the reader and involve less effort and resources for the publisher to create and distribute. Many types of content can be made available in digital form. The key to success is having the right tools to create and distribute publications. One of the best ways to develop and manage digital publications is to customize the right CMS for your business by installing the right plugins and modules and integrating additional tools. Find out more about CMS for media and publishers.