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By Christine Berlly

Bearing preload is critical in encoder spindle designs. Preload is the application of an axial load across a pair of bearings that removes the free internal clearance (or looseness) that is present in each bearing by design.

In an encoder application, this preload forces the balls into contact with the raceways allowing for load sharing and precise rotational movement. In addition, as preload is increased, the encoder spindle assembly stiffness increases. This prevents ball skidding under acceleration (and deceleration) and improves repeatability and stability.

Higher values of preload, however, also have some undesirable effects. These include increased friction, heat, stress in the raceways and ultimately bearing life is reduced. The designer must balance the need for higher preload values with these negative consequences.

The fits – both shaft and housing – for the smaller bearings used in encoders are typically light transitional fits to clearance fits. It is very common to use adhesives to secure the bearings in place. This also allows for the use of the dead weight preload method where, during the assembly process, a weight is applied to the encoder spindle (in the vertical position) while the adhesive applied to the bearings cures.

After cure, the weight is removed. This is very easy to control and produces very consistent results. Interference fits can be problematic in bearings with thinner cross sections. Poor geometry in the mating components is easily transferred to the higher precision bearings, and, if combined with components that are at their maximum limits of size, the bearing clearance can be reduced to negative values resulting in high stress and heat in operation.

AST
www.astbearings.com

From CNC routers for cabinetry to CNC for carpentry projects, a good CNC machine is like having 5 extra employees in your shop. In addition to automation and precision in cabinet making, CNC routers are well known for their versatility and ability to work effectively with various materials, including plastics, metals, and wood.

The wood capability is especially prevalent, as countless hobbyists and professionals in the furniture-making industry use CNC routers to produce custom, high-quality cabinetry for both customers and themselves. Whether you’re a professional, CNC equipment technician or an at-home DIYer, a CNC wood router can help streamline your next project from start to finish.

Here are the main advantages of using a CNC wood router to help lead the cabinet-making process and some tips to optimize your production.

CNC routers automate the cabinet-making process

If you are an old-school furniture maker, you know, cabinet making and all woodworking for that matter used to rely heavily on manual processes to complete projects. Those days are long gone, as CNC machines allow operators to automate the wood-cutting process with the help of state-of-the-art equipment and software.

Measure Twice, Cut Once

Rather than cutting each piece of solid wood by hand, a new CNC machine or wood router can relay inputs from the computer to execute precise cuts in a fraction of the time. Cabinet and furniture making has never been easier, allowing a furniture maker to focus more on creativity and less on technical know-how.

CNC routers deliver consistent quality

The old, manual processes of woodworking also lent themselves to frequent human error which in turn would lead to material waste and lost revenue. CNC work allows operators to achieve the exact right cut every time and then repeat that cut as many times as the project requires.

What Is The Best Way To Precisely Cut Wood?

A CNC wood router is one of the best ways to achieve maximum precision while eliminating errors and wasted material from your process.

For cabinet makers, a CNC wood router is a game-changer. It brings unmatched precision to your work, cutting down on errors and material waste. With its ability to follow detailed computer-guided designs, you can produce consistent, high-quality cabinets every time.

Whether you’re crafting custom pieces or handling bulk orders, this tool ensures every cut is spot-on, making it indispensable for anyone serious about elevating their cabinet-making craft.

The Cabinet CNC Machine

ShopSabre is a leader in the woodworking industry, offering CNC routers specifically designed for cabinet making.

These CNC machines, capable of handling intricate cuts and detailed workmanship required in cabinet production, focus on efficiency, accuracy, and reliability.

ShopSabre’s CNC routers streamline the cabinet-making process, reducing production time while enhancing the quality of the final product.

Ideal for both small-scale custom designs and large-scale production runs, these machines provide versatility and performance that can meet the demands of today’s competitive market.

ShopSabre’s commitment to excellence is evident in the robust build, advanced technology, and user-friendly interface of their cabinet CNC machines, making them a valuable asset for any cabinet maker or woodworking professional looking to elevate their cabinet manufacturing to the next level.

A CNC Router Provides Cabinet Making Efficiency

The productivity benefits of CNC machines are among the main reasons they can provide outstanding value for your small or midsize business.

With the help of the best CNC machine, you can produce more parts with fewer people in a small shop in less time. This drastically reduces operating costs while increasing both the quality and quantity of your work.

It’s commonly asked how long it takes to complete a cabinet job on a CNC router. In the sample video below, 11 sheets of wood were used to cut custom cabinetry pieces for an entire kitchen in less than one hour. The productivity boost provided by CNC technology is unmatched.

Nesting

Cabinetmaking and furniture projects often involve several sheets of wood and a wide variety of part sizes and shapes. This can slow down the process unless you use nesting to take the productivity of your cabinet project to the next level.

Nesting optimizes the layout pattern of cuts to maximize the amount of material used, also reducing cutting time and material waste in the process. It’s an effective way to keep more money in your pocket and to even further boost the efficiency of your project.

Here nesting is used to maximize space in cutting 16 pieces from a single workpiece.

Know your wood

An important decision in cabinetmaking is to determine which type of wood to work with. This will impact the appearance, durability, and overall limitations of the scope of the project. This is because certain types of hardwoods and softwoods are better suited for some projects than others.

Hardwoods like oak or mahogany are typically darker in color and are more durable, while softwoods like cedar or pine tend to be lighter and a bit easier to cut (but beware of splintering the wood in the process). If you’re uncertain as to which wood will work best for you, consult a professional for expert guidance.

Create one-of-a-kind cabinetry with ShopSabre CNC

ShopSabre produces the highest-quality CNC routers in the industry that have helped produce thousands of unique, high-end kitchen cabinets. And it all starts with the quality of our machinery specifically our PRO Series Series routers.

The secret to achieving precise edge finishes and accuracy in cabinetmaking starts with the bases of our routers themselves. The base of both the PRO Series and IS Series is made from a one-piece all-welded steel frame to go along with contour guide rails and precision ball screws on all three axes.

Each of our routers has accessories and tools available that can take your cabinetmaking capabilities to the next level, including:

• The Apex EZ Sander is A safe, efficient, and versatile finishing option for all types of wood.

• A CNC touch probe Can help you easily duplicate parts and reverse engineer products to replicate complex 2D shapes or 3D geometry that are common in cabinetmaking, such as but not limited to:

  • Range hoods

  • Wainscoting

  • Custom moldings

  • Posts and railing sections

  • And more

• The Dust Dock Helps quickly and effectively remove sawdust and other debris that can become overwhelming during cabinet production. There is simply no cleaner way to build cabinets than with a ShopSabre router equipped with a Dust Dock.

Adding a ShopSabre CNC router for cabinet to your shop gives you the ability to bring more projects in house, such as custom cabinets such as:

• MDF raised panel doors

• Shaker doors

• Dovetail drawers

• Custom range hoods

• Wainscoting panels

• Custom closets

• Custom moldings

• Posts and pillars

• Live edge production

ShopSabre technology helps you make more money and satisfy your customers while doing work you already do backed by equipment in your shop. Shop our unmatched collection of CNC routers and CNC plasmas and get a quote today to take your quality and productivity to the next level.

In today’s fast-evolving global market, standing out for quality and efficiency is a necessity.

ISO 9001:2015 not only sets the foundation for quality assurance but also acts as a critical tool for businesses aiming to enhance their operational efficiency and global competitiveness.

What Is ISO 9001:2015?

ISO 9001:2015 is a globally recognized standard that outlines the prerequisites for a quality management system (QMS). It is an essential framework that propels organizations towards excellence by focusing on customer satisfaction, process efficiency, and continual improvement.

The essence of ISO 9001:2015 is not just in adhering to customer expectations and statutory and regulatory requirements but in fostering a proactive culture of quality that spans every aspect of an organization’s operations.

A quality management system, as envisioned by ISO 9001:2015, offers a systematic approach to managing and improving work processes. This approach ensures that an organization can consistently meet customer requirements and improve their satisfaction. The QMS is pivotal in steering companies towards efficiency and effectiveness, grounded in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk management, ensuring that quality is not an afterthought but a fundamental principle driving business success.

What is The Evolution of ISO 9001 Standards?

The journey of ISO 9001 from its inception to the 2015 revision is a narrative of evolving business needs and quality paradigms.

Originating in 1987, the ISO 9000 family has undergone several updates to reflect the changing landscapes of industry and commerce. ISO 9001:2015 represents the most current iteration, emphasizing a strong customer focus, the process approach, and continual improvement.

Transitioning from ISO 9001:2008 to ISO 9001:2015, the updates introduced a strategic vision for quality management, integrating risk-based thinking and a greater emphasis on leadership engagement.

This shift was not merely cosmetic; it was a foundational change in how quality management systems are implemented and perceived. Organizations were encouraged to view their QMS as a core business asset rather than a compliance obligation.

Key among the changes was the adoption of the Annex SL structure, providing a common framework for all ISO management systems.

This not only facilitated the integration of ISO 9001:2015 with other standards, such as ISO 14001 and ISO 45001, but also streamlined the implementation and audit processes, making it more straightforward for organizations to adopt a unified approach to management systems.

Why Is ISO 9001:2015 So Important?

The ISO 9001:2015 standard is crucial for companies striving to establish a culture of quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. By adopting ISO 9001:2015, organizations demonstrate a commitment to quality management principles that are recognized globally, thereby enhancing their competitiveness and marketability.

What is The Structure of ISO 9001:2015

ISO 9001:2015 is structured to provide a flexible framework that can be applied across industries, regardless of company size.

This adaptability is evident in its High-Level Structure (HLS), which includes ten clauses designed to be integrated easily with other ISO management system standards.

The key sections of ISO 9001:2015—Context of the Organization, Leadership, Planning, Support, Operation, Performance Evaluation, and Improvement—each play an important role in the QMS, guiding organizations in implementing and maintaining their quality management systems.

What are The Core Elements of ISO 9001:2015?

The core elements of ISO 9001:2015 revolve around the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking, emphasizing a proactive approach to quality management.

What are Key Requirements and Clauses of ISO 9001:2015?

ISO 9001:2015 is built around the concept of continuous improvement and customer satisfaction, with its clauses reflecting these priorities. Key requirements include:

1. Scope

Defines the standard’s purpose and applicability, detailing that ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a QMS when an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

2. Normative References

This clause mentions the reference standards or documents that are indispensable for the application of the document.

3. Terms and Definitions

Outlines the terms and definitions applicable to the ISO 9001:2015 standard, ensuring clarity and a common understanding of key concepts.

4. Context of the Organization

4.1 Understanding the Organization and Its Context

Organizations are required to determine external and internal issues relevant to their purpose and strategic direction that could impact the QMS’s ability to achieve the intended results.

4.2 Understanding the Needs and Expectations of Interested Parties

Organizations must determine the relevant requirements of stakeholders.

4.3 Determining the Scope of the Quality Management System

The organization must define the boundaries and applicability of the QMS.

4.4 Quality Management System and Its Processes

Organizations need to establish, implement, maintain, and continually improve a QMS, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this standard.

5. Leadership

5.1 Leadership and Commitment

Top management must demonstrate leadership and commitment to the QMS.

5.2 Policy

Setting a quality policy that is communicated and understood within the organization.

5.3 Organizational Roles, Responsibilities, and Authorities

Ensuring that the roles, responsibilities, and authorities for relevant roles are assigned, communicated, and understood.

6. Planning

6.1 Actions to Address Risks and Opportunities

The organization must assess risks and opportunities that can affect conformity of products and services and the ability to enhance customer satisfaction.

6.2 Quality Objectives and Planning to Achieve Them

Quality objectives must be established at relevant functions, levels, and processes.

6.3 Planning of Changes

When changes to the QMS are necessary, the changes must be carried out in a planned manner.

7. Support

7.1 Resources

The organization must determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance, and continual improvement of the QMS.

7.2 Competence

Personnel must be competent based on education, training, or experience.

7.3 Awareness

Employees must be aware of the quality policy and relevant quality objectives.

7.4 Communication

The organization must determine the internal and external communications relevant to the QMS.

7.5 Documented Information

The QMS must include documented information required by the standard and by the organization.

8. Operation

8.1 Operational Planning and Control

Organizations must plan, implement, and control the processes needed to meet requirements for the provision of products and services.

8.2 Requirements for Products and Services

This includes customer communication, reviewing requirements related to products and services, and controlling externally provided processes, products, and services.

8.3 Design and Development of Products and Services

Emphasizes the need for planning, controlling, and documenting the design and development process.

8.4 Control of Externally Provided Processes, Products, and Services

Ensuring that externally provided processes, products, and services conform to requirements.

8.5 Production and Service Provision

Control of production and service provision under controlled conditions.

8.6 Release of Products and Services

The organization must implement planned arrangements, at appropriate stages, to verify that the product and service requirements have been met.

8.7 Control of Nonconforming Outputs

The organization must ensure that outputs that do not conform to their requirements are identified and controlled to prevent unintended use or delivery.

9. Performance Evaluation

9.1 Monitoring, Measurement, Analysis, and Evaluation

Organizations must determine what needs to be monitored and measured, including methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis, and evaluation.

9.2 Internal Audit

The organization must conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the QMS conforms to the organization’s own requirements and the requirements of this standard.

9.3 Management Review

Top management must review the organization’s QMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy, effectiveness, and alignment with the strategic direction of the organization.

10. Improvement

10.1 General

The organization must determine opportunities for improvement and implement necessary actions to meet customer requirements and enhance satisfaction.

10.2 Nonconformity and Corrective Action

The organization must react to nonconformities and take action to control and correct them, as well as deal with the consequences.

10.3 Continual Improvement

The organization must continually improve the suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness of the QMS.

The integration of the PDCA cycle and risk-based thinking into these clauses ensures that the QMS is dynamic, allowing for continual improvement and adaptation to changes, both internal and external to the organization.

What are The Seven Quality Management Principles?

The foundation of ISO 9001:2015 lies in the Seven Quality Management Principles, which are:

• Customer Focus: Prioritizing customer satisfaction by meeting their requirements.
• Leadership: Establishing a unified direction and conditions in which people are engaged in achieving the quality objectives of the organization.
• Engagement of People: Recognizing that people at all levels are the essence of an organization.
• Process Approach: Understanding activities through a process lens enhances efficiency.
• Improvement: Fostering an environment of continual improvement.
• Evidence-based Decision Making: Making decisions based on the analysis of data.
• Relationship Management: Managing relationships with interested parties to optimize performance.

What are Mandatory Documents and Records?

Under ISO 9001:2015, several documents and records are mandatory, including:

The scope of the QMS

Outlining the boundaries and applicability of the quality management system, including details of any exclusions.

Quality policy and objectives

The quality policy reflects the commitment to quality from top management, while the objectives set measurable goals aligned with this policy.

Criteria for and methods of control for operational processes

Guidelines and methods to manage and control the organization’s operational processes effectively.

Records of monitoring, measuring, analyzing, and evaluating data

These records provide evidence of the QMS’s performance and the effectiveness of quality management activities.

Evidence of competence

Records demonstrating that personnel have the necessary competence (based on education, training, or experience) to fulfill their roles.

Documented information determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the QMS

This is a flexible requirement, acknowledging that each organization might have unique needs for documentation to support their QMS effectively.

Suggested Non-Mandatory but Beneficial Documentation

While not required, the following documents can enhance the QMS’s comprehensiveness and functionality:

• Process maps, flowcharts, and diagrams: These visual tools can significantly improve understanding and management of the QMS processes and their interrelation.

• Work instructions and SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures): Detailed guidelines can help ensure consistency and quality in operational tasks and processes.

• Internal audit reports and management review minutes: While records of these activities are mandatory, detailed reports can provide deeper insights for continual improvement.

• Supplier evaluations: Assessments and records of supplier performance can support the procurement process and supply chain management.

• Customer satisfaction feedback: Documentation of customer feedback, both positive and negative, can be invaluable for driving improvements and enhancing customer satisfaction.

• Corrective action reports: Beyond the basic requirement for keeping records of nonconformities and corrective actions, detailed reports can help in analyzing trends and preventing recurrence.

• Risk management documentation: While ISO 9001:2015 emphasizes risk-based thinking, creating more formal documentation of risk assessments and mitigation strategies can further bolster the QMS.

• Training records and skills matrices: Beyond mere evidence of competence, detailed records of training, skills, and qualifications can help in planning for development and succession.

How to Implement ISO 9001:2015 in Your Organization?

Following a structured approach can significantly ease the process of implementing ISO 9001:2015.

Here are key steps along with suggestions for a successful implementation:

• Commitment from Top Management: Secure commitment and support from top management. This is crucial for driving the project forward and ensuring it receives the necessary resources.
• Appoint a Project Leader: Designate a project leader who has a clear understanding of the standard and the authority to act on behalf of the organization.
• Initial Assessment: Conduct an initial gap analysis to understand the current state of your QMS and what needs to be developed or altered to meet the standard’s requirements.
• Plan for Implementation: Develop a project plan that outlines the tasks, responsibilities, deadlines, and resources required to achieve certification.
• Employee Engagement: Engage employees at all levels early on by communicating the benefits and changes the standard will bring. Their involvement is key to a successful implementation.
• Training and Competence: Ensure that employees are trained on the importance of ISO 9001:2015 and how their role contributes to the QMS. This may involve internal training or seeking external courses.
• Document Your QMS: Develop the documentation required by the standard. This includes the scope of the QMS, quality policy and objectives, documented procedures, and records.
• Implement Your QMS: Roll out the QMS across the organization, ensuring that processes are performed as documented, and records are kept where necessary.
• Conduct Internal Audits: Before the certification audit, conduct internal audits to assess the QMS against the ISO 9001:2015 standard and address any non-conformities.
• Management Review: Hold a management review meeting to evaluate the effectiveness of the QMS and identify opportunities for improvement.

What are Common Challenges and How to Overcome Them?

Implementing ISO 9001:2015 can present several challenges, including:

• Resistance to Change: Overcome this by involving employees in the process from the start, clearly communicating the benefits, and providing adequate training.
• Resource Constraints: Address this by ensuring top management’s commitment to provide necessary resources and by planning effectively to utilize existing resources efficiently.
• Understanding the Requirements: This can be mitigated by seeking external training or consultancy to build internal expertise about the standard.
• Maintaining Documentation: Simplify the documentation process by focusing on processes rather than paperwork and using technology to streamline document control.

What is the ISO 9001:2015 Certification Process?

The process for obtaining ISO 9001:2015 certification involves:

• Choosing a Certification Body: Select an accredited certification body that is recognized and respected in your industry.
• Application and Contract: Submit an application to the certification body, which will outline the scope of the audit and the associated costs.
• Pre-assessment Audit (Optional): Some organizations choose a pre-assessment audit to identify any potential gaps before the formal audit.
• Stage 1 Audit: The certification body reviews the organization’s QMS documentation to ensure it meets the standard’s requirements.
• Stage 2 Audit: A comprehensive audit where the certification body assesses the effectiveness of the QMS in practice.
• Address Non-Conformities: If any non-conformities are identified, these must be addressed before the certification can be issued.
• Certification Issued: Upon successful completion of the stage 2 audit and resolution of non-conformities, the organization is awarded ISO 9001:2015 certification.
• Surveillance Audits: Regular surveillance audits are conducted to ensure ongoing compliance with the standard.

What are the Benefits of ISO 9001:2015 Certification?

ISO 9001:2015 certification brings a plethora of advantages to organizations, driving them towards operational excellence and improved customer satisfaction. The benefits include:

• Enhanced Quality Management: It streamlines an organization’s processes and makes them more efficient, leading to improved quality of products and services.
• Increased Customer Satisfaction: By focusing on customer requirements and reducing errors, organizations can enhance customer satisfaction.
• Improved Employee Engagement: Employees understand their roles in delivering quality products and services, leading to increased engagement and productivity.
• Greater Operational Efficiency: ISO 9001:2015 encourages organizations to optimize operations, which can lead to cost savings.
• Enhanced Marketability: Certification serves as a powerful marketing tool, enhancing the organization’s reputation and helping to expand market opportunities.
• Compliance with Regulatory Requirements: It ensures compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements, reducing the risk of penalties and litigation.
• Facilitated International Trade: ISO 9001:2015 is internationally recognized, which can facilitate access to new markets and global trade.
• Continuous Improvement: The standard fosters an environment of continuous improvement, ensuring the organization remains dynamic and competitive.

How to Maintain Your ISO 9001:2015 Certification?

Maintaining ISO 9001:2015 certification requires ongoing dedication to the quality management system and continuous improvement. Here’s how organizations can ensure they continue to meet the standard’s requirements:

• Commit to Continuous Improvement: Organizations must foster a culture of continuous improvement, where processes are regularly evaluated and improved for efficiency and effectiveness.
• Regular Internal Audits: Conduct internal audits to assess compliance with the standard and identify areas for improvement. This helps in preparing for external audits and ensures that the QMS is effectively implemented across all operations.
• Management Reviews: Hold regular management review meetings to assess the QMS’s performance, ensuring it continues to be suitable, adequate, and effective in meeting the organization’s objectives and goals.
• Engage Employees: Continuously engage and train employees on the importance of the QMS and their role in its effectiveness. Employee involvement is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the QMS.
• Update Documentation: Keep all documented information up-to-date, including policies, objectives, and procedures. This ensures that the QMS evolves with the organization and remains relevant.
• Address Non-Conformities: Promptly address any non-conformities identified during audits by implementing corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
• Monitor Performance and Customer Feedback: Regularly monitor and measure the performance of processes and collect customer feedback to identify areas for improvement.
• Prepare for Surveillance Audits: Certification bodies conduct surveillance audits to ensure ongoing compliance with the standard. Organizations should prepare for these audits by ensuring that all aspects of the QMS are in compliance and improvement initiatives are documented and visible.

What Type of Organization Should Get ISO 9001:2015 Certified?

Some type of organizations that can benefit most from ISO 9001:2015 are:

• Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Regardless of their size, SMEs can benefit from ISO 9001:2015 by streamlining processes, improving efficiency, and enhancing customer satisfaction. This certification can also boost their credibility and competitiveness in the market.
• Large Corporations: Large organizations can use ISO 9001:2015 to standardize processes across multiple departments and locations, ensuring consistent quality and performance. This helps in managing complexity and achieving strategic objectives more effectively.
• Non-Profit Organizations: Non-profits can leverage ISO 9001:2015 to improve their operational efficiency, manage resources better, and demonstrate accountability and transparency to stakeholders and donors.
• Service-Based Industries: Industries such as healthcare, hospitality, and consulting can use ISO 9001:2015 to ensure service quality, enhance customer experiences, and improve overall operational performance.
• Government and Public Sector: Public sector organizations can implement ISO 9001:2015 to improve service delivery, ensure regulatory compliance, and increase transparency and efficiency in their operations.
• Manufacturing and Machining Industry: Manufacturing companies, including rapid prototyping and low-volume and on-demand manufacturers like 3ERP, can benefit significantly from ISO 9001:2015. 3ERP, an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, is committed to providing top-quality rapid prototyping and low-volume manufacturing services, including CNC machined parts, vacuum casting, pressure die casting, 3D printing, rapid tooling & injection molding, and sheet metal prototyping. 3ERP achieves excellent quality, efficient lead time, and the most economic solutions through this certification.

Sector-Specific Applications of ISO 9001:2015

ISO 9001:2015 is versatile and can be tailored to meet the specific needs of various industries.

Here are some sector-specific applications and adaptations:

• Healthcare: In healthcare, ISO 9001:2015 helps improve patient care, streamline processes, and ensure compliance with health regulations. It focuses on patient safety, service quality, and continuous improvement.
• Automotive: The automotive industry uses ISO 9001:2015 to enhance product quality, ensure supplier consistency, and meet stringent industry standards. It helps in reducing defects and improving manufacturing processes.
• Food and Beverage: In the food and beverage sector, ISO 9001:2015 ensures product safety, quality, and regulatory compliance. It helps in managing supply chains, reducing waste, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
• Information Technology: IT companies apply ISO 9001:2015 to manage project workflows, ensure service quality, and improve customer support. It supports consistent delivery of IT services and software development processes.
• Construction: The construction industry benefits from ISO 9001:2015 by improving project management, ensuring compliance with safety standards, and enhancing the quality of construction processes and materials.
• Education: Educational institutions use ISO 9001:2015 to improve administrative processes, enhance the quality of education, and ensure continuous improvement in teaching methods and curriculum development.

Conclusion

ISO 9001:2015 stands as a testament to an organization’s dedication to quality, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Its universal applicability underscores its value across industries, enabling organizations of all sizes to benefit from its principles.

The standard fosters an environment where continuous improvement is ingrained in the culture, promoting a systematic approach to quality management that is proactive, reflective, and responsive to the dynamic needs of the business landscape.

Organizations contemplating ISO 9001:2015 certification should view it as an investment in their future, a step towards establishing a resilient and customer-centric operational framework. As the business world evolves, adherence to ISO 9001:2015 ensures that organizations are well-positioned to adapt, grow, and excel in their respective domains, making a clear statement about their commitment to quality and excellence.

FAQs

1. How long does ISO 9001:2015 certification last?

ISO 9001:2015 certification typically lasts for three years, after which organizations must undergo a recertification audit to maintain their certification status. During this period, annual surveillance audits are conducted to ensure ongoing compliance with the standard’s requirements.

2. Is ISO 9001 a legal requirement?

No, ISO 9001 is not a legal requirement. It is a voluntary standard that organizations choose to implement to enhance their quality management systems, improve efficiency, and increase customer satisfaction. However, some industries or clients may require their suppliers to be ISO 9001 certified.

3. How Much Does It Cost to Get ISO 9001 Certification?

The cost of ISO 9001 certification can vary widely depending on the size and complexity of the organization, ranging from $3,000 to $15,000 or more. Factors influencing the cost include the certification body chosen, the scope of the QMS, and the need for external consultants.

4. How long does it take to get ISO 9001 Certified?

The time required to obtain ISO 9001 certification can vary, typically ranging from 3 to 12 months, depending on the organization’s size, complexity, and readiness. This timeframe includes the initial assessment, implementation, internal auditing, and the certification audit.

5. What does ISO 9001 cover?

ISO 9001 covers the criteria for a quality management system and is based on principles such as customer focus, the motivation and implication of top management, the process approach, and continual improvement. It helps organizations ensure they consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements.

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Dear friends and partners,

Thank you very much for your long-term attention and support to NXZ! On March 7-10, 2023, our company will participate in the 2022 China International Bearing and Special Equipment Exhibition. We sincerely invite you to visit our booth 3HA032 for guidance. At that time, we will solemnly show you new enterprise strength, team culture and brand image, and thank you for your long-term support to our company.

Exhibition time: March 7-10, 2023

Exhibition venue: Hall 3.1H, National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai)

Booth No.: 3HA032

Looking forward to your arrival!

Xibei Bearing Co., Ltd(NXZ)

Company Profile

NXZ is one of the largest bearing manufacturers in China and the first listed company in the national bearing industry. The company has a state-recognized enterprise technology center and post-doctoral research workstation, and now has more than 180 engineering and technical personnel with bachelor's degree or above. The company has a complete management system, has passed ISO9001 quality management system certification, ISO/TS16949 automobile quality management system certification, ISO14001 environmental management system certification and other certifications, is a national level 1 measurement unit, national level 2 confidentiality qualification enterprise, and has obtained the national weapons equipment scientific research and production license qualification.

After becoming the actual controller in 2020, Ningxia State-owned Capital Operation Group Co., Ltd. has given great support to enterprises in terms of capital, technological innovation, talent training, etc. At present, the production units and relevant departments of the company are respectively engaged in specialized manufacturing, service, international trade and design research and development of bearing products, so that NXZ Bearing has a comprehensive ability from design, research and development to manufacturing and international trade.

Contact

Address:No.388, West Liupanshan Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China

Tel:0086-951-2020454

Fax:0086-951-2020454

Contact Person:Jane Li

Email:[email protected],[email protected]

Web:http://en.nxz.com.cn/

In 2018, a massive fire broke out at a manufacturing plant that machines magnesium components in Michigan. And even with the severity of the incident, reports claim that firefighters had to wait for the fire to burn out because water could not extinguish a magnesium-fueled blaze.

Magnesium is a valuable metal in CNC machine shops because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and high level of machinability. But the chips formed from CNC machining magnesium parts are highly flammable. A slight mistake, and you may end up dealing with a fire that is extremely difficult to extinguish.

So how do you address these safety concerns? This article covers the best practices for machining magnesium parts. (Please Note: At Gensun we do not machine with magnesium, but have provided these tips for reference)

Is it Safe to Machine Magnesium?

In order to machine magnesium, very strict safety precautions need to be taken.

No. 1 Maintain Proper Tooling Condition and Avoid Tight Relief Angle

When CNC machining magnesium components, it is essential to keep cutting tools sharp, and relief (or clearance) angles large. This is because dull tools and tight clearance angles cause excessive friction and heat, which can ignite the chips from the CNC machining process.

Carbide-tipped tools retain their hardness and are unlikely to produce sparks when machining at high temperatures. As such, they are better suited for machining magnesium parts compared to steel cutting tools.

No. 2 Make Discontinuous Chips

You must also pay close attention to the type and sizes of chips formed during the machining process. As a rule, it’s better to set up your CNC machines to produce discontinuous (or well-broken) chips instead of fine swarf. This is because discontinuous chips help dissipate the heat from the cutting face and the cutting tools, making it less likely for ignition to occur.

So how do you set up your CNC machine to produce discontinuous chips?

First off, you must ensure that the back rake angle of your cutting tool is small. Moderate to high cutting speeds should also be employed while feed rate should be kept low. Large cutting depths also promote the formation of this type of chip.

No. 3 Use Explosion-proof Vacuum for the Chips

Even after implementing the machining parameters mentioned in #2, the discontinuous magnesium chips produced remain hazardous. Top-tier machine shops now use explosion-proof vacuum systems and extractors to remove magnesium chips and dust from the CNC machines safely.

The extracted chips are then stored separately from other chip materials in tightly sealed non-combustible containers, such as steel drums.

No. 4 Use Mineral Oil Coolants

If your project requires machining parameters different from those mentioned in #2, then it’s highly likely that there will be excessive heat generation during the machining process. For this, you must use mineral oil coolants. They reduce the risk of fire and explosion while improving the surface quality of your machined parts.

Never use water-based coolants since they react with magnesium to produce hydrogen gas, which in itself is highly flammable.

No. 5 Never Use Water to Extinguish Magnesium Fire

So, let’s say something goes wrong in the manufacturing plant, and you’ve got yourself a magnesium-fueled fire to extinguish. Water is definitely not an option because-as we know all too well-it makes things worse.

Dry, Class-D fire extinguishers are more effective for extinguishing magnesium fires. You may also use dry sand, especially if you’re trying to control small fires.

The Risks of CNC Machining Magnesium are Significant

Preventing magnesium-fueled fire hazards requires adhering to the practices we mentioned earlier. The risks posed by this material are significant and you will find that not all machine shops are willing to work with magnesium.

If you are thinking about CNC machining magnesium, we strongly suggest looking at alternative materials that pose fewer risks. At Gensun, we have chosen not to machine with magnesium, due to the possibility of harm and a lack of demand. If you are evaluating your options and come to another alternative, feel free to reach out to us to discuss your non-magnesium part.

Copper, renowned for its electrical and thermal conductivity, plays a pivotal role in modern manufacturing and is a common material used in CNC machining. This guide delves deep into the world of copper machining, unraveling its intricacies, techniques, and applications. It’s not just about shaping a metal; it’s about harnessing copper’s unique properties to create components essential to various industries.

What is Copper Machining?

Copper machining refers to the process of cutting, shaping, or modifying copper material using various techniques to achieve desired geometries and dimensions. This process is crucial in producing highly precise and intricate copper parts used in numerous applications.

Key Aspects of Copper Machining:

• Exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity
• Ability to create complex shapes and precise dimensions
• Versatility in applications ranging from electronics to aerospace

How does Copper Machining work?

Copper machining works by removing material from a copper workpiece to achieve the desired shape and size. This can be done through various methods like milling, turning, drilling, and more, each suitable for different types of designs and requirements.

What are the Common Techniques for Copper Machining?

Copper machining involves a variety of techniques, each selected based on the project’s specific needs. These techniques cater to different design requirements and application areas.

CNC Milling

CNC milling, a cornerstone in copper machining, uses rotating cutting tools to carve out copper. This method’s precision is unmatched, making it ideal for complex parts and detailed designs.

CNC Turning

In CNC turning, the copper piece rotates against a fixed cutting tool, primarily used for crafting cylindrical components. This technique is efficient and versatile, suitable for both internal and external machining.

Drilling

Drilling creates precise round holes in copper, essential for components requiring fastening or bolting. Both drill presses and milling machines can be utilized for this purpose.

Tapping

Tapping involves cutting threads within drilled holes, facilitating the insertion of bolts or screws. This process can be manual or CNC-driven for added precision.

Grinding

Grinding achieves fine finishes and exact dimensions using an abrasive wheel. This technique is often a finishing step, refining parts machined by other methods.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)

For copper parts demanding extreme precision, EDM is the go-to method. It uses electrical sparks to meticulously shape copper, ideal for complex geometries.

Water Jet Cutting

Water jet cutting employs a high-pressure water stream, sometimes mixed with abrasives, to slice through copper. It’s especially beneficial for cutting thick copper sheets without heat distortion.

What is the Best Tool to Machine Copper?

The choice of the right tool is crucial in copper machining. The nature of copper, known for its malleability and conductivity, demands tools that can handle its unique properties while ensuring precision and quality.

General Guidelines for Effective Tools:

• Durability: Tools made from high-grade materials like carbide or high-speed steel (HSS) to resist wear.
• Precision: Sharp, well-designed tools for intricate designs and tight tolerances.
• Compatibility: Tools that work harmoniously with CNC machines for optimal performance in copper CNC machining services.

Different Grades of Copper Used in Machining

Pure Copper

Pure copper, also known as cathode copper, offers high electrical conductivity. It’s typically used in electrical applications but can be challenging to machine due to its softness.

Electrolytic Copper

With high purity, electrolytic copper is preferred for electronic applications. Its electrical and thermal conductivity make it an excellent choice for heat exchangers and wiring.

Oxygen-Free Copper

Known for its superb conductivity and ductility, oxygen-free copper is ideal for high-quality audiovisual equipment and vacuum electronics. Its low oxygen content reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement.

Free-Machining Copper

Free-machining copper alloys, like those containing lead, improve machinability. They are frequently used in applications where ease of machining is crucial, albeit with slightly reduced conductivity.

Best Copper Grade for Machining

When it comes to machining, selecting the right copper grade is paramount. Each grade offers unique properties, influencing its suitability for specific applications. For instance, free-machining copper grades, while easier to machine, might not offer the same conductivity as pure or oxygen-free copper.

Copper with Best Mechanical Strength

Among copper grades, those alloyed with elements like tin or zinc often exhibit superior mechanical strength. These grades are typically chosen for parts that demand durability alongside conductivity.

Precision and Tolerance in Copper Machining

Achieving high precision and maintaining tight tolerances are key in copper machining. Factors affecting precision include:

• Machine calibration and stability
• Tool quality and suitability
• Material properties of the copper grade
• Operator skill and experience

Understanding these factors and controlling them is crucial for quality copper machining, especially in precision-driven industries like aerospace and electronics.

Applications of Copper Machining

Copper machining finds its place in a myriad of industrial applications, thanks to its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. Here are some notable applications:

• Electrical Components: From wiring to connectors, copper’s conductivity makes it indispensable.
• Heat Exchangers: Leveraging its thermal properties for efficient heat transfer.
• Aerospace Components: Where strength and conductivity are both required.

Choosing the Right Copper Alloy for Specific Applications

Selecting the right copper alloy is a critical decision in machining projects. Factors to consider include:

• Required electrical or thermal conductivity
• Mechanical strength needed
• Specific application requirements like corrosion resistance or machinability

Primary Benefits and Challenges of Machining Copper

Advantages of Copper Machining

• Superior Conductivity: Both electrical and thermal.
• Versatility: Suitable for a wide range of applications.
• Recyclability: Copper can be recycled without loss of properties.

Challenges in Copper Machining

• Work Hardening: Copper can harden during machining, affecting tool life.
• Thermal Expansion: Managing heat generation during machining.

What are the Factors to Consider When Machining Copper?

Choosing the Right Copper Material Grade

The grade influences machinability, strength, and conductivity.

Designing for Manufacturability

Optimizing design to leverage copper’s properties while ensuring efficient machining.

Setting the Correct Feed Rate

Balancing speed and precision to minimize tool wear and achieve desired finishes.

Selecting the Appropriate Tool Material

Tools that can withstand copper’s unique characteristics, ensuring longevity and precision.

Design Considerations for Effective Copper Machining

When designing for copper machining, consider:

• Complexity of the Part: Ensuring the design is feasible with available machining techniques.
• Material Properties: Accounting for copper’s physical characteristics in the design phase.
• Tolerances and Finish: Balancing precision requirements with copper’s machinability.

Key Safety Tips for Copper Machining

In copper machining, safety is paramount. Key practices include:

• Proper Ventilation: To manage copper particles and dust.
• Regular Tool Maintenance: Ensuring tools are in optimal condition.
• Adherence to Safety Protocols: Following guidelines for machine operation and material handling.

Common Problems and Solutions in Copper Machining

Copper machining, while offering numerous benefits, also presents its own set of challenges, such as burr formation, work hardening, and tool wear. Addressing these issues is crucial for maintaining the quality and efficiency of the machining process.

• Burr Formation: Often a result of improper tooling or machining parameters. Solutions include using sharp tools, optimizing feed rates, and employing proper cooling techniques.
• Work Hardening: Copper can harden unexpectedly during machining. Countermeasures include using lower cutting speeds and ensuring continuous, uninterrupted cuts.
• Tool Wear: Due to copper’s softness and high thermal conductivity, tools can wear quickly. Using carbide or polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools can help increase tool life.

What Are the Costs Involved in Copper Machining?

Cost Factors in Copper CNC Machining

Costs in copper machining vary based on several factors:

• Material Grade: Different copper grades, like oxygen-free or electrolytic copper, have varying prices.
• Complexity of Machining: More intricate designs require more time and precision, increasing costs.
• Tooling and Equipment: Advanced tools and machines can add to the overall expense.

Costs can range from moderate for simpler tasks to significantly higher for complex or high-precision machining.

Comparing Costs of Different Copper Machining Techniques

Each machining technique comes with its own cost implications:

• CNC Milling and Turning: Generally more cost-effective for mass production.
• EDM and Water Jet Cutting: Higher costs due to the precision and equipment involved.
• Drilling and Tapping: Relatively lower costs, suitable for simpler operations.

How to Ensure Quality in Copper Machining Processes?

Quality in copper machining is non-negotiable. Key quality control measures include:

• Regular Inspection: Frequent checks during the machining process to ensure tolerances and specifications are met.
• Tool Maintenance: Ensuring tools are sharp and well-maintained to avoid defects.
• Process Optimization: Continuously refining machining parameters for optimal results.

• Integration of 3D Printing: Complementing traditional machining with additive manufacturing for complex designs.

The Economic Impact of Copper Machining

Copper machining holds significant economic importance. Its applications in critical industries like electronics, aerospace, and automotive underscore its economic value. The cost-effectiveness of machining copper, especially when compared to other materials, contributes to its widespread use and industrial significance.

Why is Copper Machining Important in Modern Manufacturing?

Copper machining is integral to modern manufacturing due to its:

• Versatility: Used in a wide range of products, from electrical components to decorative items.
• Conductivity: Essential in electrical and thermal applications.
• Machinability: Offers a balance of workability and durability, making it a preferred choice in many sectors.

Alternatives to CNC Machining for Copper

While CNC machining is prevalent, alternative methods include:

• Hand Machining: For simpler or one-off projects.
• Laser Cutting: For precise, non-contact cutting of thinner copper sheets.
• Stamping and Forming: Cost-effective for producing copper parts in large volumes.

Environmental and Health Considerations in Copper Machining

Copper machining, like any industrial process, poses environmental and health considerations. Proper disposal of copper chips and coolants is crucial to minimize environmental impact. Health aspects involve ensuring adequate ventilation and protective equipment to safeguard against copper dust and particles.

Conclusion

In summary, copper machining is a sophisticated and essential part of modern manufacturing. Its versatility, conductivity, and machinability make it a valuable material across various industries. Despite its challenges, advancements in machining technologies continue to enhance its applications and efficiency.

3ERP is a leading provider of copper machining services and capable of producing parts in various coatings and finishes depending on your project requirements.

We produce corrosion-resistant copper machined parts and can handle solid copper bars, copper-nickel alloys, and CNC turning or milling of copper alloy materials.

Frequently Asked Questions About Copper Machining

1. Is Copper Easy to Machine?

Copper is generally considered easy to machine, but it requires proper tooling and parameters to manage its softness and potential for work hardening.

2. How to Optimize Machining for Different Copper Alloys?

Optimizing machining for different copper alloys involves selecting the right tools, adjusting machining speeds and feeds, and considering the specific properties of each alloy, such as hardness and conductivity.

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恐れることがない硬骨漢のやはり(それとも)優雅な勢力のある人なのにも関わらず、1枚のすばらしくてきんでている腕時計と1台の性能の並外れている自動車を持って、すべての男が現れるのが落ち着いて腕利きで、流行して親切な独特な魅力の最も良い方法がかなりあります。ヨーロッパの血筋の2大の伝奇的なブランドを伝承しているとして、ZENITH本当の力の時にとランドローバーはずっと受けてその通りにしていてきんでているブランド精神に探求する勇気があって、極力努めて、そしてずば抜けた技術と並外れている風格の変えない追求に対して堅持します。2017年にランドローバーの全く新しい名勝の星の脈の車のモデルが出す時、本当の力の時に再度手を携えるランドローバーを新しく界にまたがって協力に開いて、現代の紳士のためにいっそう自信、精致な勢力のある人の風格を製造します。

 

、純粋で非凡に前衛が勇敢で、ランドローバーの求めた一貫している品質です；精密で必ずきんでている、復古の勢力のある人、本当の力の時にブランド精神の最も良い解釈に対してです。1969年の本当の力の時にから初に史の上で全体で適当で自動的に今なお鎖の時間単位の計算のチップに行くように出して、ElPrimeroは依然として世界で唯一の時間単位の計算の精密な正確な度は1/10秒の時間単位の計算に達することができてチップを表しを積み重ねます。2017年のジュネーブの国際モーターショーに値する時、本当の力の時にクラシックを踏襲して、そして全新ランドローバーの車の設計の中から表を作成する霊感をくみ取って、シンボル的なアウトライン、性能を持ってきんでていてしかも魅力の並外れている協力でが―全く新しいElPrimero至急名勝の星の脈の特別な腕時計を表す出しに震撼します。

 

このはElPrimeroは新しく至急名勝の星の脈の特別な腕時計は専門のランドローバーと協力のために製造する手首の間ですばらしいです。それはガンダムの36を持って、000は時間奮い立って/しきりに奮い立って、42ミリメートルの陶磁器のアルミニウムは殻を表します。人を魅惑する艶消しのグレーの時計の文字盤によく合って、そして銅の色の細部で飾りを添えて、新しくモデルが同時に名勝の車のモデルとと同じ高品質の皮を採用して製作を推測するのを表します：黒色のパンチする小さい牛革の腕時計のバンド、DLC処理を経るチタン金属の3プライによく合ってボタンを表して、更に独特な復古の風格を現します。

2の大きくて伝奇的なブランドの実力と風格に解け合って、自身の表を作成する精髄を伝承して、全く新しいElPrimeroは至急名勝の星の脈の特別な腕時計は突然全く新しい緯度の近代的な感を現す同時に、更に成熟して落ち着いていて、復古の内に集める男性の魅力がしたたり落ちて現れるでしょう！ 

http://copy2017.com/list/35

On July 15, 2021, Shanghai United Rolling Bearing Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Electric Shangzhong Grinding Special Equipment Co., Ltd. signed the "Bearing Business Strategic Cooperation Agreement" in Shanghai Joint Bearing. The two companies are co-located in the old Minhang area of Shanghai. Shangzhong grinds its predecessor, Shanghai Heavy Machinery Factory. It has a long history and excellent corporate culture. The "10,000-ton spirit" of the 10,000-ton hydraulic press is a testimony to the start of the Minhang Industrial Satellite City.

This strategic cooperation in the bearing business highlights product advantages, geographic advantages and service advantages, and provides a guarantee for all-round bearing business support and services. At the same time, it provides a close cooperation platform for the common development of the two companies and product upgrades in the future.

Schaeffler’s Smart Ecosystem 4.0 is a cloud-based hardware and software infrastructure that includes every stage of digital added value – from components equipped with sensors through to digital services. The flexible architecture of this system gives manufacturers and operators of machines and equipment a simple and application-oriented point of entry into a range of digital services that can be expanded at any time. The rolling bearing, its mechatronic derivatives, and the corresponding domain expertise provide the central source of information in this field.

Components equipped with sensors are central to the drive systems used in machines and equipment – they record data and are the fundamental “enablers” for these digital services. Schaeffler’s aim is to continuously transform conventional mechanical products and integrate them into the digital world. Bearings and guidance systems equipped with sensors have already been on the market for several years. At the 2017 Hannover Messe, Schaeffler will be presenting a rolling bearing system that is based on standard products and can be configured in a modular fashion with various different sensors, which allows virtually every desired bearing position to be equipped with sensors: The FAG VarioSense. This represents an important step towards a future in which not only complex systems but also simple assemblies and machines will have easy access to digitalization and the Internet of Things.

Schaeffler’s cloud-capable FAG SmartCheck, which for the first time allows a simple and flexible point of entry into the digitalization of machines and equipment based on vibration monitoring, will also be on display at the 2017 Hannover Messe. This latest version of the FAG SmartCheck uses an MQTT interface to provide a direct link to the Schaeffler cloud or to any other platform based on IBM technology. It is also possible to communicate with other cloud technologies via a Schaeffler gateway or alternative gateway solutions using an OPC/UA interface. The connection between the SmartCheck and the Schaeffler cloud is remarkably easy to make via smartphone, e.g. by scanning the relevant product’s QR code or using the free app.

This gives the customer direct access to services such as Schaeffler’s automated rolling bearing diagnosis, which is based on the vibration data that the FAG SmartCheck has gathered from rolling bearings as well as shafts and other rotating components. Depending on his or her contract, the customer receives access to the condition data, partially-automated recommended actions or, in the case of more complex machines, a connection to the Schaeffler Service Center, which provides specific and individual recommended actions.

In the next stage, it will also be possible to use the SmartCheck to record speed and torque and to classify these load data. In the cloud, the Bearinx rolling bearing calculation tool is then used to compare the real load data with the fundamental load data used during the design phase, and the rolling bearing’s remaining useful life is then calculated on this basis. These applications will be available for all products based on the SmartCheck technology, including railway technology applications like those presented by Schaeffler at the 2016 InnoTrans.

The rolling bearing is suited for gathering information, since it is located at the heart of the application’s flow of force and thus exposed to all of the loads that occur. Combining them with the domain expertise about rolling bearings in specific applications that is made available via the cloud allows this information to be used to control the process in a targeted manner in order to achieve the maximum degree of capacity utilization and optimize product quality. The prerequisite for this is a holistic and standardized infrastructure from the sensor through to the cloud, which Schaeffler now provides with its Smart Ecosystem 4.0.

Schaeffler
www.schaeffler.us

Just like its name suggests, this timeless design will never date.

This l candle jar has a brilliant clear finish. Perfect when working with candle dye to show off your pretty colours.

This is a very strong, thick glass jar and complies with ASTM 2179 AND 2147 testing methods. (Ensures glass is able to withstand heat and has no cracks or fractures)

Measurements: Height 10.1cm, Width 9cm.

Approximate Volume: 280 – 300ml

We recommend 4mm Cotton Wicks for this jar.