May 14/19

What Is IATF 16949 and How Does It Make for Better Automobiles?

Whether you’re a car lover or a car driver, it’s impossible for you to ignore the design details of your dashboard. Your automaker specified this look, designed the instrument panel, and ordered it from a reliable company. So, after the designer drew these parts, an engineer modeled them, and a company manufactured them, as they appear in your vehicle.

If you’ve ever wondered how these components came to exist, read on. Many industries conform to manufacturing or operating standards. For example, IATF 16949 is the standard that makes these automobile parts great.

Manufacturing Standards Timeline

In 1947, delegates from 25 countries met in London to discuss international standardization. A year later, the International Standards Organization (ISO) became official. They aimed to promote quality standards for goods traded between countries.

The ISO has published thousands of standards that cover business and technology, and their motto is “when the world agrees.” One of these standards is the 1999 ISO/TS 16949 whose purpose was to streamline the automotive supply chain.

At that time, the automotive sector used an array of certification and assessment systems. By 2009, ISO/TS 16949 had streamlined these systems. In 2016, the International Automotive Task Force (IATF) developed a separate standard based on the ISO 16949 named “IATF 16949:2016”.

What is a Quality Management System?

A QMS is a set of processes designed to meet customer satisfaction requirements. To sum up, it is a series of rules governing documentation, policies, goals, and outcomes that produce a consistent product.

Companies that use this QMS enjoy benefits in seven areas. These are:

• Process efficiency
• Customer satisfaction
• Consistent improvement
• Defect prevention
• Improved consistency
• Reduced waste
• Contract eligibility

Together, these goals cut chaos and increase profits. Therefore, companies with this discipline reap the benefits of respect in their industry.

Does IATF 16949 Make for Better Cars?

The simple answer is yes. The complex answer is also yes because the average auto contains around 30,000 separate parts. Many have significant safety and reliability consequences if not manufactured to an exact spec.

What defines a better car? The average consumer wants reliability and safety. People want to get in their cars and travel safely, and they want to do it every day without having to pay their mechanic a lot of money to do so.

One example of a safety hazard resulting in global ramifications is the massive Takata Airbag Recall.

The 2015 Takata Airbag Scandal

In 2014, the Takata Corporation held 20 percent of the automobile airbag market. By March of 2019, the company was responsible for 16 deaths and 290 injuries. The faulty airbags spurred a worldwide recall of more than 100 million cars. In the United States, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has recalled 56 million inflators in over 41 million vehicles.

Takata caused the largest automobile recall in history. The company has since filed for bankruptcy, but not without undergoing an intense investigation of its manufacturing processes and quality standards.

A U.S. criminal court also ordered Takata to pay $1 billion in penalties that include criminal fines, victim compensation, and restitution to automakers. If these faulty airbags had been manufactured within the strict IATF standards, it would have avoided the lives, injuries and costs incurred by these recalls.

The Effect of a Recall

When a recall happens, it affects more than the vehicles and their owners. Those faulty parts have been distributed from dealerships to auto parts stores like AutoZone and Pep Boys. It’s a ripple of disruption that radiates throughout the supply chain.

In addition to burdening the resellers, the trust damage is devastating. Although the original manufacturer is responsible, the consumer will question the auto manufacturers’ judgment for using that product at all.

Art to Part

Art to Part defines the automotive manufacturing process from concept to finished component. The process is the embodiment of the customer satisfaction piece of the quality standard.

It also requires unmatched employee engagement.

A section of IATF 16949:2016 is taken directly from ISO:9001, the basis for standard quality management systems. For instance, the company must motivate its employees to achieve the quality objectives in the process. The company also must create an environment that promotes innovation.

Each employee is relevant. Each employee also must be made aware of the importance of their role in the process. If employees are committed to the process and take pride in their work, and they feel valued enough to contribute ideas, adhering to the standard is that much easier.

How it All Works Together

IATF 16949:2016 provides standards for engineering companies, automakers, and employees to manufacture and assemble the best components possible.

The process begins with leading investment and ends with requirements for improvement. In between are accurate documentation, support, and planning. Furthermore, overarching requirements call for infrastructure, organizational knowledge, competence, and communication.

Companies that adhere to this standard by default make better cars. Cars that are well-designed, reliable, and safe. Hiring a company that adheres to industry-specific quality standards assures excellent results and peace of mind.

Do Your Homework

Start by asking a potential manufacturing partner about their standards and QMS processes. Many companies comply with more than one, so it’s essential to understand how they align their process management.

It’s also important to explore the company’s culture. It speaks to how they will do business with you and how it will handle your manufacturing process.

Find out more about how Art to Part companies and IATF 16949 standards can assist you. In short, It can help you decide where to award your contacts and who you can trust to meet yours and your customer’s standards.

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Product Category :

Specialty Fuses

Manufacturer :

Bussmann / Eaton

Applications :

Electrical, Industrial

Approval Agency :

CE, UR

Breaking Capacity @ Rated Voltage :

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In the afternoon of February 9, the leaders and experts of the mechanical and electrical management department, material procurement company and various departments of Ningxia Coal Mining Machinery Co., Ltd. of the National Energy Group were invited to NXZ for technical exchange. Li Changsheng, secretary of the Party Committee, chairman of the board of directors, general manager of the joint-stock company, and heads of all departments of the company attended the meeting.

Li Changsheng first welcomed the visiting leaders and experts, and briefly introduced the achievements of the company's reform and development. Li Hongbin, the chief engineer, summarized the company's R&D and manufacturing, industry performance, next R&D direction and cooperation advantages of both sides from the research and development situation of NXZ coal industry; Relevant leaders and experts of Ningxia Coal Industry Group have identified the areas of cooperation between the two sides and conducted detailed communication on the products concerned. Both sides agreed that they hoped to strengthen the technical marketing efforts and work together with Ningxia Coal Industry through this exchange.

After the symposium, leaders and experts from relevant departments and offices of Ningxia Coal Industry Group visited the rail transit railway workshop of NXZ for field investigation.

About NXZ

Founded in 1965, Xibei Bearing Co., Ltd. is one of the largest bearing manufacturers in western China and the first listed company in China's bearing industry. The "NXZ" brand held by it is a well-known trademark in China, and has obtained the national export inspection exemption qualification, and its products are sold well in more than 50 countries and regions.The company has a national-level enterprise technology center, a national and local joint engineering laboratory, and a post-doctoral research station; it has passed IS09001 and IS014001 quality management system certification, and is a national first-class measurement unit; Enterprises with military production qualifications and licenses.

NXZ is mainly engaged in the production and sales of various types of rolling bearings. The products are widely used in the main engine matching of petroleum, metallurgy, railway, mining, construction engineering, heavy-duty vehicles, motors, agricultural machinery and other industries. The company can produce more than 5,000 kinds of rolling bearings of various types with an outer diameter of 40 mm to 3500 mm in accordance with international standards and the latest national technical standards, and can produce various non-standard bearings and special structural bearings according to user requirements. The company has the right to import and export, and exports bearing products to more than 50 countries and regions.

In 1997, NXZ passed IS09001 quality system certification, IS014001 environmental management system certification and national GB/T19022-2003/ISO10012 perfect measurement system certification (AAA), and is a national first-level measurement unit. It has a national-level enterprise technology center, a post-doctoral research station and the only petroleum machinery bearing research institute in China's bearing industry. In 2008, the company won the honorary titles of "National Export Commodity Exemption Qualification", "Autonomous Region Petroleum R&D Innovation Team" and other honorary titles, and passed the "National High-tech Enterprise" certification.

Contact

Address:No.388, West Liupanshan Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China

Tel:0086-951-2020454

Fax:0086-951-2020454

Contact Person:Jane Li

Email:[email protected],[email protected]

Web:http://en.nxz.com.cn/

During the early stages of the first industrial revolution, there was no standard for fabricating machine parts. That meant every machine or manufactured product had its custom design and was built in a “one-off” production style. Although this method allowed manufacturers to achieve dimensional accuracy, it caused long lead times.

Towards the end of the first industrial revolution, Eli Whitney (the cotton gin inventor) figured out how to manufacture several muskets so that they were interchangeable ㅡ which means the muskets were identical and he could substitute them for one another. His manufacturing approach showed how components of an assembly should be manufactured to certain standard machining tolerance.

But what exactly is machining tolerance, and how does it work? This article answers all of these and more.

What is Tolerance in Machining?

Tolerance is simply a measure of acceptable variation (or deviation) in the dimension of your part. Simply put, machining tolerance allows you to specify a part’s maximum and minimum dimensional limit. It is typically expressed using “±” (pronounced plus or minus) and accompanied by an acceptable deviation (for example, ±0.05).

To better understand tolerances, consider a scenario where you’re looking to manufacture a shaft that will be coupled to a bearing, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: A shaft and bearing coupling

Suppose the bearing has a diameter of 30 mm. In such a scenario, you’d agree that a shaft manufactured to have a 30 mm diameter (or greater) might be challenging to fit into the bearing. Likewise, a shaft with a diameter of 27 mm will be too loose for the bearing.

Machining tolerances allow you to specify acceptable deviation in your part’s dimension to ease assembly. So, for instance, you can specify a shaft dimension of 29 ± 0.05 mm when manufacturing your shaft. This dimension would indicate that a shaft diameter between 28.95 mm and 29.05 mm would be satisfactory for the shaft-bearing assembly.

Types of Tolerances

#1 Unilateral Tolerance

Unilateral tolerance is a type of tolerance that allows variation from the nominal (or true) dimension only in one direction (positive or negative). An example of such tolerance is shown in Figure 2. This drawing illustrates unilateral tolerance using a shaft with a diameter of 153.65 (+2.52/-0.00) mm.

Figure 2: Unilateral tolerance

It tells manufacturers that the finished shaft diameter must be at least 153.65 mm and at most 156.17 mm ㅡ which is a sum of 153.65 mm and 2.52 mm.

Learn more: What is a Unilateral Tolerance?

#2 Bilateral Tolerances

Unlike unilateral machining tolerance, bilateral tolerances allow variation from the nominal dimension in the positive and negative directions. An example of such tolerance is shown in Figure 3, where we have a hole with a diameter of 102.00 ±0.10 mm.

Figure 3: Bilateral tolerance

Notice how this tolerance allows equal variation from the nominal value in both directions. So, suppose your manufacturer fabricates a hole with a diameter ranging between 101.90 mm and 102.10 mm. In such a scenario, it won’t affect your part’s function.

You should opt for bilateral tolerances if you’re looking to mass-produce exterior parts since it eliminates the possibility of costly errors that would render your finished products useless.

Learn more: Unilateral vs. Bilateral Tolerance

#3 Limit Tolerance

As its name implies, limit tolerance is a type of tolerance that expresses the limit (or extreme) possible values of a part. For instance, Figure 4 illustrates the limit machining tolerance. And it tells manufacturers that the machined part (or final product) is satisfactory as long as the shaft dimension falls between 99.50 mm (lower limit) and 101.80 mm (upper limit).

Figure 4: Limit tolerance

#4 Standard Machining Tolerances

Standard tolerances are the most widely used machining tolerances for most fabricated parts today. These tolerances typically fall within the range of ±0.005” and ±0.030”, and machinists usually apply them when customers do not specify tolerance levels.

For instance, Table 1 shows the standard tolerances for different manufacturing processes:

These tolerance values are set by several international standards bodies (like ASME and ANSI). They are ideal when you’re looking to fabricate simple parts (or part features) like pipes, threads, and pins. However, for more complex part features, you might want to specify tolerances and requirements using the Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) standard.

Understanding Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T)

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) provides a higher level of quality control compared to other machining tolerances. For instance, it allows you to specify unique geometric characteristics like the true position of a feature, a part’s flatness, perpendicularity, parallelism, and concentricity.

Figure 5 shows the 2D computer-aided design (CAD) drawing of a part with GD&T. Notice how this drawing and machining tolerance provides helpful information about how certain surfaces should be parallel and perpendicular to other surfaces.

Figure 5: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

GD&T is a staple of design and manufacturing, and you’ll find top-tier product designers using this tolerancing approach with the other tolerance types for their product design. This combination of machining tolerance methods allows you to communicate your design intent precisely. It also reduces the need to explain complex requirements, especially if you’re looking to outsource manufacturing to a machine shop abroad.

Figure 6: Exploded view and assembled view of an induction motor featuring several parts with different tolerance requirements

 

Manufacturing with Gensun

Machining tolerance is essential when you’re designing parts you want to manufacture. However, the success of your manufacturing project also depends on the machine shop you decide to work with.

Gensun Precision Machining is a leading provider of manufacturing services across Asia. We have a team of highly qualified machinists, engineers, and quality control experts who work together to understand your design and tolerance requirements before getting your product done right.

Learn more about our high-quality CNC machining and 3D printing (or additive manufacturing) services.