Month: November 2024

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Quality and intuitive CNC plasmas for beginners are the best way to help entry-level workers and hobbyists get a feel for their machines without the frustrations of working with cheap equipment. 

With so many CNC plasma machine manufacturers to choose from, it can be challenging to find a machine that will help you maintain high-quality production standards while making operation easy for a beginner. 

We’re here to simplify your search.

This article will highlight what you should look for when shopping for the best entry-level CNC plasma machines.

What Makes Good CNC Plasmas For Beginners?

Versatility, precision, and efficiency are non-negotiables when it comes to the right machines for the job. The best CNC plasmas for beginners combine features that make it easy for beginners to get their projects done with little hassle.

When looking for the best entry-level plasma machine, look for the following features:

User-Friendly CNC Control

Some CNC plasma machines use computer-based operations.

Since these machines are built for high-production settings — such as industrial — you will have no problem deploying these plasma machines for smaller-scale operations, such as hobbyist pursuits, individual workshops, and compact fabrication shops with modest production requirements. 

CNC plasmas for beginners help strategically manage costs for those in the realm of solo ventures and beginners working in smaller establishments. For added functionality, consider opting for a CNC plasma table equipped with an onboard diagnostic system, ensuring seamless and trouble-free maintenance.

Affordability

While numerous brands excel in delivering superior motion control and precision, their costs often surpass the budgets of small shops, hobbyists, and beginners. However, select brands to manage to provide industrial-grade capabilities at a price point suitable for entry-level CNC plasma tables. 

Additionally, beginners should consider companies that extend flexible payment options and financing, alleviating the burden of a substantial up-front payment. 

CAD/CAM Software

Certain CNC plasmas for beginners come equipped with integrated CAD/CAM software — and computers capable of running the software — streamlining the transition from design to cutting with remarkable efficiency. This feature empowers smaller shops to seamlessly draw and trim pieces directly on the shop floor, right at the machine. 

This integrated software’s convenience expedites the process and enhances the overall workflow for more agile and responsive operations in compact workspaces.

Popular software includes products like Fusion 360, Vectric Aspire, and Vectric Vcarve Pro. These products can help beginners learn more quickly since they come packed with user-friendly features and resources.

Torch Height Control

Certain plasma tables forego torch height control (THC) to cut down on the overall cost of the plasma cutting system. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to understand that height control is pivotal in ensuring edge angularity and prolonging the table’s lifespan. 

A plasma torch with torch height control automatically adjusts its position, raising or lowering based on its proximity to the metal surface. This feature is excellent for beginners still learning the basics and ensuring they don’t accidentally damage the machine.

What Can I Make With a CNC Plasma Machine?

CNC plasma tables are useful for various settings, including fabrication shops, automotive repair facilities, industrial structural steel facilities, and construction companies. 

A CNC plasma machine is perfect for custom fabrication and sheet metal shops and lets you create:

• Construction brackets and hardware
• Signs and decor
• Precise holes and unique complex shapes

Now that you know what you should look for in the best CNC plasmas for beginners, let’s look at a few machines that exceed these expectations. 

The SideKick CNC Plasma 

The SideKick CNC plasma machine is a great entry point for beginners. This plasma machine is ideal for manufacturing plants, automotive shops, fabrication facilities, and educational institutions. 

The SideKick comes ready to use within minutes of arriving at your facility, so beginners can jump right in without worrying about assembly. 

There are four models to choose from: SideKick 4, SideKick 8, SideKick 10, and SideKick 12.

Crossfire XR Plasma Machine

Entry-level machines shouldn’t break the bank, but they shouldn’t compromise on quality, either. The Crossfire XR Plasma system from ShopSabre gives beginners the performance they need to work like the pros. 

This spacious 4×8 machine comes equipped with a Windows OS Control PC and Automatic Torch Height Control. It is backed by Langmuir Systems XR Support and Fire Share, giving beginners the resources and community support needed for quality productions. 

The Crossfire XR features a heavy-duty 750lb C-channel frame, making it easy to work with materials up to 1” thick steel. The machine also has a 65-gallon water table for a reliable foundation and precise cuts.

The starting price tag for this machine is perfect for beginners.

Don’t Overlook Customer Support 

A reliable CNC plasma machine makes a beginner’s job easier, but there is always the possibility of difficulties with the hardware or software. When looking for a CNC plasma machine, make sure you take the manufacturer’s customer support into account.

For example, ShopSabre offers 24/7 support, ensuring beginners can confidently navigate their new machines. If you encounter any challenges, our dedicated customer care team is ready to troubleshoot and identify the underlying issues, ensuring a swift resolution and allowing you to resume your project seamlessly.

Ongoing Training 

The best CNC plasmas for beginners make it easy for entry-level workers and hobbyists to learn quickly, but a quality manufacturer provides more than just good hardware. 

A key sign that you’ve discovered a top-notch beginner CNC plasma system is the addition of training and educational resources to optimize machine utilization. With ShopSabre’s SabreNation, you can unlock the full potential of your CNC plasma table, enabling you to produce outstanding products.

Start Strong with ShopSabre

If you’re in the market for the best CNC plasmas for beginners, you’ve come to the right place. 

Whether you’re starting at a small manufacturing business specializing in woodworking or metal cutting or a beginner hobbyist, ShopSabre’s American-made CNC plasmas for beginners are the perfect starting point.

ShopSabre is the industry’s go-to CNC plasma machine supplier, offering precision and quality that can’t be matched. Get in touch with us today online or at 952-461-4570.

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If there’s a technological device that truly defines our current generation of science and technology, it must be the smartphone. These ever-evolving bars of glass, plastics and electronics have taken on a massive portfolio of functions, offering operations just as diverse as computers (if not more) while providing far more ease of use and portability in daily life. Their popularity has also meant that manufacturing has had to step up its game. This is not only in the direct production of smartphones but also all of its peripherals and accessories. Naturally CNC machining has a lot to offer in the electronics industry.

Bringing in just the right amount of speed and volume of production, various types of lathes and mills are proving to be a key part in a lot of smartphone manufacturing activities. The level of precision is unparalleled and leads to some very novel design choices. Here are just a few of the ways CNC is contributing to those marvelous pocket computers we all rely on.

Frames & Bodies

Let’s start with the most noticeable component of the entire smartphone: the physical exterior that props up the entire thing and keeps it secure. These exteriors, such as those on the average iPhone, can be made with aluminum.

This makes CNC machining a particularly potent choice of manufacturing method. The technology is especially convenient for shaping the sleek, rounded edges of Apple’s designs, which have become a hallmark of the company’s in-house style. Getting those corners to be accurately produced in a repeatable and reliable manner requires precise CNC milling and laser cutting.

Apple

Apple, in particular, are fond enough of CNC milling that they bought 10,000 of them to make their Macbook Pros and use them extensively for the iPhone manufacturing process, as well.

At the peak of its production rate, Apple manufactured roughly 1 million iPhones per day. Each of those phones is sculpted to 10-micron tolerances using a single block of aluminum. The same is true of every Mac, iPad, Watch and many of their accessories. Swiss style lathe machines are particularly popular among their manufacturing facilities, with numbers of lathes reaching up to the tens of thousands. These machines produce all sorts of parts, but are most prominently used for those exterior features.

Samsung and Huawei

Similarly, Samsung and Huawei have also been prominent in their application of CNC machining for the exteriors of their phones. The wider smartphone industry has found that these aluminum and alloy parts are more durable than their plastic predecessors. Companies tend to use this as a selling point, boasting about the improved qualities of alloy and metallic frames for their phones.

However, while larger manufacturers can manage the scale that is required to process these aluminum frames and bodies, but smaller, cost-effective manufacturing companies tend to go for plastic cases. These are particularly prominent among lesser known brands among cellphone companies, and are often injection-molded. Even among the production chains for such phones, CNC machining is often employed in developing the molds or smaller metal components like the rigid metal elements within the frames.

Smaller companies, particularly those in China, also receive sub-contracts to produce frames and metal upholsteries for repair. Occasionally, if they are big enough to manage the workload, they can also provide parts to manufacturers. These companies can easily be found all over the Internet and can quickly manufacture parts for various clients.

Phone Component Machining

Cases

Another exterior feature that CNC machining can add some very novel features to is the phone’s casing. The most common casings are leather and plastic, so most cases and protective covers are not generally made with CNC machining, relying instead on injection molding or sowing operations depending on the material and scale of manufacturing. However, CNC machines can often play a major role in the production of the molds that are used in the injection molding process.

Even aside from those previous applications, CNC machines do have a definite advantage when it comes to both metal and wooden cases. Metal cases can be great, as they offer quality protection, a unique look and prevent the device from overheating. CNC machining can cut and mill the exact shape of the phone into the case, getting around those difficult edges with precision.

While wooden cases are usually quite expensive, often consisting of bamboo, teak or elm, they can be also be stylish. Some are crafted by hand, but CNC machined cases make up most of the production, being cheaper and easier to produce. The main draw for applying a CNC machine for such tasks is that manufacturers are able to mass produce wooden cases quickly and accurately.

Companies like Kerf operate full-fledged production operations utilizing CNC machines for these unique and reliable types of wooden cases, catering to all sorts of phones. The company also has partnerships with Urban Tree, which rescues felled trees in the Pittsburgh area. As a bonus, this makes their project much more sustainable. The company claims that their exotic hardwood collection is not sourced from countries that exploit their natural resources or deal in endangered species.

Touch-sensing Glass

Touch sensing interfaces are a major part of modern technology as a whole, but are entirely vital to the smartphone. They are also used in various commercial products such as smart watches, mobile phones, tablets and TVs. CNC machining has contributed to this complex product in a number of ways, but glass milling is probably the most significant one. It allows manufacturers to produce varieties of shapes and even slots on the glass surface.

The main draw of using CNC milling machines to make such glass interfaces is their propensity for batch production, along with the ability to meet the high quality per unit necessary for such a task. Other types of machines can’t always manage to produce glass with the surface quality required, thus grinding processes on a CNC milling machine provide an ideal solution in manufacturing complicated special products.

Cutting and CNC grinding are also used to develop gorilla glass and protective screens. In conjunction with chemical toughening measures, the glass can provide high scratch and crack resistance. It also brings in a fair bit of transparency and high optical quality for a better-looking screen overall. Aside from smart phones, this type of glass is always used for computer monitors, TV screens and plain old interior design.

Aesthetic Flourishes

The look of a phone can be a compelling thing. This is why companies are paying more and more attention to the little aesthetic touches that make their product stand out. The Xiaomi mi 8 uses a mural-esque depiction of the inside of the interior which is depicted on the back of the phone. This little touch was done with a CNC engraving machine, etching that image onto a 0.3mm aluminum sheet using a with a tiny cutter.

This same principle can extend to plastic covers that can put some extra flourish to a user’s phone. Plastic covers with embedded designs can be swapped out in case you get tired of an old one. These can even be made from recycled plastic, allowing for a more sustainable mode of production that allows the end-user to customize it to their own tastes.

Peripheral devices and Accessories

Figure 3 X Carve Phone Amplifier

Phone applications don’t just end with the phone itself. There are so many add-ons one can buy to spice up their smartphone usage, and CNC is making such peripheral devices even easier to produce.

One example is the selfie-stick. Custom CNC milling services and parts allow for companies to quickly produce all the little nuts and bolt that go into the selfie stick. This can be something as easily misplace-able or breakable as a screw. In fact, many companies can provide manufacturers with machined parts that are significant improvements (titanium variants for extra strength). This can help you make your own part in your machine shop or repair an old one. Another example is improved housings for an external power source or power bank. Need to protect these sorts of energy sources? Give it a protective casing with a better, more rigid material.

There are other more ingenious yet unconventional options on the market. X Carve’s work with a simple, non-electronic, wooden phone amplifier is a marvel of CNC machining. The simple design simply takes a wooden block and cuts a series of shrinking circles into it with a slot to place you phone along its arc. This allows that small acoustic hole to amplify the sound. The beauty of the design is that it’s easy to make and available online for machinists everywhere to try.

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CNC machines provide shops with several major benefits heightened precision, versatility, and overall capability but perhaps their most significant benefit is the ability to streamline a shops productivity. Time is money when it comes to CNC work, and project efficiency is especially crucial.

While most of this efficiency comes from the very use of the CNC machine itself, there are additional ways to increase your productivity based on how you use your equipment and operate your shop. Here are six tips for streamlining your CNC output.

Keep equipment up-to-date

Technological advancements in CNC are constantly taking shape, and its no secret that modern machinery is almost always more precise and efficient than that of years past. Keeping the equipment in your shop up-to-date and knowing when to replace components that are no longer effective will improve your project timelines.

It may help to develop a written protocol to help determine when its time to replace or retool equipment, rather than relying on your gut.

Work while the machine works

Dont sit idly by while your machine is in operation. This is a perfect time to start setting up for your next project or to take on another task around the shop. While the machine is working, you should be too. In shops with multiple team members, its smart to set a list of duties to ensure everyone has something to do while the machinery is at work.

Prepare for your power requirements

Some CNC operations can consume a large amount of power and your shop needs to be prepared for it. Downtime due to power outages costs you productivity and revenue. Its critical to understand the power requirements of your equipment to ensure your facility is capable of delivering on those needs and maintaining project timelines.

Set and maintain processes

Having a set plan for how to prioritize and attack certain types of projects is key to achieving productivity in the shop. The more you perform a specific kind of project, the more efficient your processes will become.

You should also remain aware of any opportunities to improve on processes so you can continue to fine-tune your operation with each completed task. As new trends in the industry emerge, your processes should evolve, as well.

Perform routine maintenance

Few things will delay a project more frustratingly than equipment failure, and one of the best ways to avoid that failure is to perform regular and routine maintenance on your machinery. CNC routers and CNC plasmas go through a lot on a daily basis and need to be maintained just as any high-powered machinery should.

Equipment failure can lead to extended downtime as you wait for replacement parts to come in, drastically damaging your profitability, as well.

Organize your shop for productivity

Disorganization in the shop is one of the most common yet least thought of causes of inefficient production. Arranging hardware and pieces of machinery in a way that lends itself to less in-shop movement and general work on your part goes a long way.

Keeping items where they belong also reduces time spent searching and will help you develop a rhythm especially when working on familiar types of projects.

Streamline your project efficiency with ShopSabre

ShopSabres industry-best CNC machines provide precision, efficiency, and total versatility to help aspiring hobbyists and full-time commercial shop owners alike produce truly outstanding results with a fraction of the labor.Shop our unmatched collection of CNC routers and plasmas todayto take your shops quality and productivity to the next level.

在北京时间8月23日的报道中，明尼苏达森林狼队的卡尔-安东尼·唐斯在保罗-乔治的播客节目《Podcast P with Paul George》中提到了上个赛季森林狼队主教练克里斯·芬奇的受伤情况。

唐斯表示：“我清楚地记得，当芬奇受伤时我的所思所想，我在想，如果这就是老了的样子，那我不想变老。就现在来说，如果你们撞了我的膝盖，我可以不担心。当我看到教练一瘸一拐的样子，真是很不舒服。当你连起身都有些困难，当你有些驼背时，那意味着你老了。”

在4月末森林狼对阵太阳的比赛中，森林狼主帅芬奇在一个回合中被队员康利撞伤倒地，随后被搀扶离场，经诊断，芬奇遭遇了髌腱撕裂。

一款完美的大牌包包，必定有个很精辟的标志，近几年，一众奢侈品牌迎来了一股改Logo的风潮，lv ysl gucci..10个大牌包包的标志中，哪个品牌的标志的设计最精辟？哪个大牌包包的标志你最喜欢？这次美丽包包网将带你探索大牌包包标志的品牌文化，以及全新的设计。

大牌包包的标志到底土不土？大牌包的标志设计究竟重不重要，这个话题其实还蛮有趣的，因为无论lv的经典Monogram老花，还是gucci的双G格纹，都已经根本性的融入了品牌文化，所以无论单品怎样的革新，这些经典元素都会存在。

lv 2019夏日系列标志花纹

作为一个象征符号，代表着整个品牌，

所以你总不能说LV和Gucci很土吧！

去年，应该是经典老花最为回潮的一年，

非常多的单品都穿上了老花的外衣，

即便没有经典老花，至少也要印满Logo。

可是早10年前，那时候的Gucci还没有Alessandro Michele来拯救，Phoebe Philo才刚刚入驻Céline发布新系列，Burberry还是一个能把风衣分出N条支线的品牌···

那时极简风横行，

品牌巴不得将老花

甚至Logo设计全都弱化掉，

在那个“简单”的时代，

Logo只能作为品牌出现，

它根本算不上一种图案，

而老花则被贴上了过时老土的标签。

但是随着复古风的流行，

Logo和老花慢慢的再次开始复出活跃，

加上以Gucci领导的极繁主义占据上风，

这种Logo成为了图案印满全身，

极力彰显自我。

2019重新回潮的

经典双G标志gucci包包

Logo作为一个品牌最明显的标志，代表了奢侈品的调性，而人们购买奢侈品，有些时候仅仅是为了满足自己的虚荣心，为的就是阶级划分，可能这件东西不足这个价值，但他被赋予了奢侈品的概念，就瞬间身价翻倍，而买得起买不起就明显的成为了一条鸿沟。

Supreme的砖头卖2000多块

这样的说话似乎有些过于强硬，但道理是这样。如果你有同样的价钱去买奔驰和红旗，你会选择哪一个？没人会说的是因为安全性才选择奔驰，这就是品牌化的力量。

老花和Logo的复兴还得益于黑人嘻哈和街头文化。

时间倒退30年，那时候美国刚经历了数十年黑人民权运动，嘻哈文化也刚刚兴起，黑人取得了社会地位，也涌现了一批黑人运动员以及黑人嘻哈明星等等名人。

这些黑人越来越有钱，随之而来的就是他们企图从外表上缩短固有印象中造成的差距，因此他们横扫第五大道，穿上了Gucci这样奢侈品牌想往走向人生巅峰。

gucci 1991的标志设计

但是他们发现这些衣服都是根据白人来设计的，根本不适合黑人。而且即便穿成这样别人也看不出来，他们迫切需要的就是那种极具品牌表现力的大Logo，而那时候奢侈品的老花只印在箱包手袋上。

后来一位叫Dapper Dan的男人，将老花Logo设计运用于服装设计，并且加大尺码，做出了一批特别适合黑人的衣服，备受欢迎！各种嘻哈歌手大咖都找着让他上门定制。

不过由于太火，被各种大牌奢侈品盯上天天跟他打官司，1992年Dapper Dan被迫关店辗转地下，但这样的Logo文化却成为现象，流传至今，所以你现在依然能看到黑人或嘻哈歌手都经常穿着印着Logo的老花，甚至影响全世界。

如今，曾经告过Dapper Dan的Gucci都主动找他上门，不仅给了他双G棱格纹的官方使用权限，并直接从意大利运来高级面料任他实用。并在去年推出了Gucci × Dapper Dan联名系列。

Gucci × Dapper Dan联名系列

全身Logo的设计真的不用设计师动脑子吗？答案当然是否定的，明显大家更愿意购买带Logo的单品，可能只是一件普通的T恤，加上Logo标志就可以贵上几千块。

据了解，有Logo的产品比同一品牌的不带Logo的产品，价格高出20%以上。举例说明：带有标志性双C标识的CHANEL经典翻盖手袋，与不带有这个标识的最初版本CHANEL 2.55手袋相比，在转售过程中能保留的价格高出30%。

双C标志扣香奈儿包包

Logo所具备的品牌宣传和归宿感是非常强烈的，所以品牌Logo短期内（起码在一个设计师时期）是不会更换的。然而近两年开始，各家品牌频繁换起了设计师，而他们玩的第一件事，就是改Logo！

品牌真的能凭借换Logo来“逆天改命”吗？

其实跟现在品牌们极力迎合作为主要消费群体的千禧一代有关，都是为了体现品牌的年轻化。

最近一个更换的Logo应该是Balmain，这是Balmain创立80年以来对品牌logo的首次更新。

将字体衬线全部去掉，看起来更加扁平，并推出了一个全新的图案，将字母P和B组合在了一起，意指公司创始人Pierre Balmain和品牌的诞生地巴黎。

革新后，品牌并没有将经典的老款Logo T恤下架，而新款的两个版本的Logo T恤也表现不俗。

Balmain

植绒 Balmain 徽标棉质 T 恤

Balmain

Balmain 徽标装饰短袖 T 恤

Balmain

Balmain 徽标装饰短袖 T 恤

Balenciaga将街头潮流融入该品牌，使得有了天翻地覆的变化，高级时装和街头潮牌的距离越来越近。在2017年，Balenciaga把自己品牌从前的Logo字体拉长，间距缩短，使其看起来更加的干净利落，与如今定位如出一辙。

大家似乎都对去衬线这件事很热衷，Riccardo Tisci入驻Burberry后，将骑马的标志性图案去掉了，字体也换成了更扁平化的无衬线字体，这是Burberry 二十年来第一次改Logo。

新的表示是大写字母T和B的结合，为致敬该品牌的创始人Thomas Burberry。现在Burberry的许多单品上已经出现了这个标志。

BURBERRY

专属标识图案棉质宽松T恤衫

这款T恤就是现在Burberry最火的单品之一，有红白黑三种颜色。

新推出的TB专属标志锁扣包也很受好评，包包造型简洁不复杂，很百搭，最重要的是有好看的颜色！上面那款绿色的官网都卖断货了！

但是改Logo也不一定就能让品牌重生。

Raf Simons 2016年加入Calvin Klein，带来创立至今最大规模和最高频率的革新。将Logo全都改为大写，同样字体和间距进行了调整，让品牌趋向高端奢侈品牌的定位。

作为Dior前设计师的Raf Simons将CALVIN KLEIN带入全新领域，但是收获甚微，CK这个品牌在大家印象中只是一个卖内裤的品牌，没人愿意去掏几万块去买一件CK的成衣外套，这样的调性即便是Raf Simons也回天乏术，去年年末Raf Simons离开CALVIN KLEIN，而CALVIN KLEIN 205W39NYC高级成衣线也相应关闭。

另一个做出很大改变的品牌则是CELINE，Hedi Slimane的进入使得这个Normcore风格的品牌换上了哥特摇滚，与之前他进入Saint Laurent的时候如出一辙。

新Logo把原来的é变为e，全部大写，字母之前的间隔也缩小了，使整个Logo看起来简洁紧凑。

不过很多人对于Hedi Slimane的改变并不认同，在《ELLE》发起的投票中，有88%的投票者还是更喜欢旧的Céline。

而celine曾经也是最受欢迎的品牌Logo之一，而celine本身却几乎很少能看到Logo的露出。。

LVMH旗下时尚电商平台Lyst最近做了一项统计，从该网站2018年超过1亿次的搜索中，列出了Logo产品最受欢迎的品牌。

前十位分别是Supreme、Champion、Fila、Prada、Fendi、Gucci、Kappa、Versace、 Louis Vuitton和Céline。

Supreme、Champion和Fila作为2018潮牌界最火的品牌霸占榜单前列，它们的绝大多数产品上都有甚者仅有一个Logo。

虽然以上三个牌子不算奢侈品，但是全方位的跨界合作更加刺激了千禧一代的消费欲望，比如Louis Vuitton × Supreme，Fendi × FILA 、Faith Connexion × Kappa等等，而这些成功背后，都少不了Logo的功劳。

所以说，包包的标志是不是很重要呢？

能问出这个问题的人肯定不是千禧一代，备受人们推崇，品牌能赚钱，土不土早就不重要了，本来也就是一个很主观的概念。重要的是，适合自己，足够表达自身，这样就足够了！好了，关于大牌包包标志设计就聊到这儿，如果您喜欢这些大牌包包，记得在V信上告诉我们哟。

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In order to ensure the safe and stable production of the twin screw extruder and prolong its service life, the maintenance of the twin screw extruder must be strengthened. The basic contents are as follows:

1. Maintenance during operation of the twin screw extruder

(1) It is not allowed to carry debris in the material. Metal, sand and other hard materials are strictly prohibited to enter the hopper and the twin screw barrel;

(2) When opening the cover of air extraction chamber, prevent foreign matter from falling into the twin screw barrel;

(3) There should be sufficient heat preservation time after heating up the twin screw extruder. The extruder can be powered on for operation only when other parts move smoothly.

(4) The screw is only allowed to start at a low speed, and the idling time should not exceed 2 minutes. The feeder should gradually increase the speed after feeding by the starvation method.

2. The daily maintenance of main engine of twin screw extruder

(1) The engine oil and lubricating oil should be changed every 4000h. If the main motor is a DC motor, the carbon brush of the motor should be checked once a month, and a record should be made, and the carbon brush should be replaced if necessary;

(2) The electric control cabinet should be purged once a month, and the wear of the screw and barrel should be checked quarterly, and records should be made;

(3) Check the gears, bearings and oil seals of the gearbox once a year;

(4) When shut down for a long time, the twin screw extruder should receive anti-corrosion and anti-fouling treatments.

After the twin screw extruder fails, it should be repaired according to the steps and methods described in the equipment manual.

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　　近来，德国剧场观众流失的问题在行业内外引发热议，相关报道不时见诸媒体。随着德国防疫政策放松，剧场运营趋于正常，但观众数量并未如演出界所期待的那样恢复、反弹甚至“报复式增长”。事实上，观众流失不仅是德国，也是整个欧洲演出市场面临的普遍现象，让观众回归剧场是一项长期任务。

　　观众流失问题严重

　　德国是欧洲演出市场最发达的国家之一，剧院资源十分丰富，其中，获得政府公共财政支持的剧院约140家，私人剧院约200家，另有约600家流动剧团。2018/2019年演出季，德国各类剧院的演出、艺术节、音乐会等活动共有观众约3500万人次（全国总人口为8322万）。

　　受新冠肺炎疫情影响，德国剧场观众出现较为严重的流失现象。2020年6月疫情期间，柏林剧团从其剧场的700个座位中搬走了500个，以便观众保持1.5米的社交距离。那既是剧院执行政府防疫规定的不得已行动，也表达了剧团对当时演出市场的失望和对今后恢复正常演出的期待。

　　根据德国剧院协会2022年7月公布的数据，与2018/2019年演出季相比，2020/2021年演出季观众人数下降达86%。2022年上半年，随着防疫政策的放松，剧院的可售票数量已与疫情前基本持平，而观众人数并没有明显回升。

　　重视首演一向是德国剧场演出的传统：名人出席、媒体争相报道、票价高于平时演出且一票难求、仪式感很强。然而，很多剧院现如今首演票房十分惨淡。2022年4月25日，知名戏剧导演克里斯多夫·吕平在社交媒体上发文称，其在汉堡塔利亚剧院首演的话剧《胸与卵》（改编自日本作家川上未映子的同名作品）内容好、团队强，但是预售票房不佳，这是他第一次遭遇滑铁卢，伤心至极。尽管该文的发布又为当晚的首演引来了600多名观众，依然没有达到预期效果。

　　像柏林戏剧节这样有名的文化活动，尽管2022年首演基本满座，其他场次也未能逃脱票房不好的命运，而往年演出票在几天甚至几小时内就已售罄。

　　观众的流失显然会给剧院带来经济损失，尤其是对那些以票房为生的中小型剧院而言。如柏林库达姆剧院今年除了《东方快车谋杀案》，绝大部分演出的观众人数都远低于预期，剧院运营几乎陷入困境。主要依靠政府公共资金的剧院，只有20%的运营成本由票房支撑，疫情期间，这类剧院通过短时工作制来降低成本，其他支出均由公共财政负担。即便如此，这类剧院最终也难免受到影响，除了观众减少造成的票房损失外，各级公共财政资金因为疫情影响而削减，给剧院的拨款也相应减少。

　　《法兰克福汇报》的文章将观众流失的状况形容为“一个幽灵”：“一个幽灵在剧场里游荡，它不是哈姆雷特父亲的幽灵，也不是易卜生剧中过去的幽灵，而是未来的幽灵。”

　　观众为何不愿再进剧场

　　德国媒体认为，对疫情的担忧是阻碍观众走进剧场的首要因素。有些演出场次因为剧团演职人员感染病毒而取消或推迟，使演出方和观众都产生了畏惧心理。除了担忧疫情，《法兰克福汇报》还列举了几个降低观众进剧场意愿的相关原因，包括不愿意戴着口罩看演出、由于在家隔离过久而戒除了“戏瘾”等。

　　经济状况也是一个重要因素。俄乌冲突的价格传导效应、疫情叠加造成的经济通胀，使得德国民众普遍捂紧了钱袋子，文化消费意愿下降。这一点在德国东部更为明显，梅克伦堡—前波莫瑞州剧院负责人认为，该州地处德国东部，本来就不如西部地区富裕，当地人喜欢自驾游，随着汽油等物品价格的上升，很多人不愿意再花钱看演出，还有一部分观众是退休人员，他们也拿不出更多钱来进行文化消费。

　　此外，预售票制度逐渐弱化，观众组织对剧场票房的支撑作用不断下降。早期，一些观众组织通过购买预售票等方式助推了票房销售。如成立于1890年的柏林自由大众舞台协会就是一个非营利性观众组织，协会以优惠价格集体购买预售票，让会员承受得起，并且在会员之间公平地分配座位，尽管剧院一度对给协会打折不太情愿，但长期以来协会确实为剧院售票发挥了重要作用。1949年在吕贝克成立的奥托·卡斯滕博士协会是一个商业性的观众组织，高峰时曾为当地700万人次买过票，可惜于2012年破产。不来梅剧院协会1950年有会员1.2万人，因需求量大而不能保证会员都有票，但到2021年，其只剩下会员1000人，被迫解散。目前，柏林有4家独立的观众组织，1959年发展高峰时他们购买过600万张票，占该市剧院总票房的30%，而2019年这一比例只有4.3%。

　　观众回归是一项长期任务

　　实际上，疫情发生前，德国就存在戏剧观众流失的趋势，疫情加剧了这一问题。对此，业内专家提出了一些建议。

　　首先，解决戏剧内容和演出模式结构性僵化问题。希尔德斯海姆大学文化政策研究所2020年发布的报告称，只有1/3的观众对剧院经典剧目感兴趣，这些观众包括女性、老年人、高学历者、大城市居民。目前，多数经典保留剧目及其制作模式给人以古板、缺乏时代感的印象，必须提高戏剧对新一代观众的吸引力，并开展跨文化的观众群拓展。

　　其次，强化戏剧演出的“事件营销”。由于预售票制的逐渐弱化，剧院演出营销要突出事件化、活动化特征。与德国相比，英国、荷兰等国政府对剧院等文化机构补贴较少，其市场化服务意识更强。德国一些剧院借鉴经验，取得了不错的效果，包括演出前发邮件告知餐饮和停车信息、提供免费节目单等，有的甚至在中场休息时赠送饮料。专家还强调，为维护剧院声誉，演出不能轻易取消，哪怕临时替换演员或进行即兴表演。

　　此外，引入社区教育理念，做好艺术教育。在拓展新观众方面，可以引入社区教育的概念。慕尼黑室内剧院相关人士认为，要把观众拓展工作作为今后5年到10年的主要任务，社区教育是其中的关键因素。在策划和组织活动时，宜采取直接交流的互动模式，如开展一对一教学、做游戏等；详细解读进剧院的“行为密码”，不要让首次接触剧院的人们被新规矩吓退；剧院应坚持每天开放，而且要搞好开放日活动。

　　当然，一系列问题的解决显然不可能一蹴而就。德国剧院协会会长布罗斯达2022年初曾表示，后疫情时代剧院的前景令人担忧，剧院不能“躺平”，不要以为观众会自动归来，让观众回归是一项艰巨任务，剧院要在社会生活中重新找到自己的位置。柏林戏剧节负责人布登霍尔茨认为，唱衰戏剧的言论早已有之，但戏剧具有广泛的社会关联性，相信其一定能摆脱疫情影响、渡过难关，同时戏剧行业也必须从自身改革，想方设法吸引年轻观众。

责任编辑：胡梦音

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在北京时间2024年9月4日的报道中，据美国记者透露，后卫乔丹-古德温即将与洛杉矶湖人队签订一份训练营合同。

古德温上赛季先后效力于太阳和灰熊，在灰熊场均可以得到10分8篮板4.5助攻1.5抢断;在太阳则场均5分2.9篮板2助攻。

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北京时间8月29日，据勇士队的记者Anthony Slater报道，勇士队计划在2024-25赛季的季前赛期间前往夏威夷开展训练营。球队将在10月初在夏威夷进行几场训练，并且定于10月6日在檀香山与快船队进行他们的首场季前赛。

在这个夏天，勇士队球员变动很大。先是功勋老将克莱-汤普森加盟独行侠，但是他们通过多方交易签约了巴迪-希尔德和李凯尔两员大将，随后他们在自由市场续约德安东尼-梅尔顿，签下自由球员戴奎翁-普洛登。

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Who doesn’t like summer? Fun days on the beach, outdoor parties, and summer weekends are just a few of the countless reasons to love it.

But the extra activities and joys of summer, like dinners out and vacation, often result in a hectic schedule and… an empty wallet.