Month: November 2024

Apr
22

From the NAW Blog:

Distributors are well-positioned to work intimately with key customers. They can devote the time and resources to engage proactively with customers to understand needs and goals. They can analyze both transactional and customer-provided data to generate industry-specific insights, develop robust benchmarks (in the form of spending patterns seen across similarly grouped customers) and tailor advice to match customer objectives. The benefits of doing so are immense.

Amazon simply isn’t designed for such a hands-on strategy. They also rely more on transactional data than customer-provided data. And there aren’t any indications that Amazon will shift their approach any time soon. They just aren’t set up to provide that type of intimate, collaborative feedback loop with their customers.

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At Xometry, we are working hard to democratize manufacturing so everyone can easily access the tools and knowledge they need to build big ideas.

If you’re looking to grow as an engineer, consider listening and subscribing to the "Being an Engineer" podcast. In this engineering podcast, host Aaron Moncur interviews the world’s highest-performing engineers, asking about their personal and professional successes and helping you apply those lessons to your life and career.

Make sure to check out their episode with Greg Paulsen, Xometry's Director of Applications Engineering. It can be found here or in the Spotify player above.

Team XometryThis article was written by various Xometry contributors. Xometry is a leading resource on manufacturing with CNC machining, sheet metal fabrication, 3D printing, injection molding, urethane casting, and more.

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     On the afternoon of May 24, RUDOLPH JAN, Consul General of Germany in Guangzhou, visited Quangong Machinery Co., LTD. (hereafter referred to as QGM.) with government staff.

     Mr. Huang Decong, a fourth-level researcher of the Foreign Affairs Office of Quanzhou People’s Government, Gao Bizhu, Director of the Consular Culture Section of the Foreign Affairs Office of Quanzhou People’s Government, Chen Changda, Deputy Director of the Party Working Committee (Administrative Committee) Office of Taiwan Business District, Liu Yukun, Deputy Director of the Science, Technology and Economic Development Bureau, and Mr. Fu Binghuang, QGM Chairman, received them throughout the visit.

     In the conference room on the second floor of the office building, Chairman Fu Binghuang warmly welcomed the arrival of the German Consul General in Guangzhou RUDOLPH·JAN, and his delegation. Chairman Fu Binghuang said that QGM has always regarded Germany as a key partner in the European market. In 2014, QGM acquired Zenith Maschinenfabrik GmbH, a German company. Years of emotional accumulation and technical exchanges make QGM cherish every project cooperation with Germany and hope to have more opportunities to deepen cooperation.

     During the visit, Mr. RUDOLPH·JAN, Consul General of Germany in Guangzhou, and his delegation paid a visit and investigation to QGM:

In the intelligent cloud platform on the first floor, Technical Director, Mr. Zhong Jia, introduced the intelligent equipment cloud service technology independently developed by QGM to the visiting guests in detail. As a service-oriented manufacturing demonstration project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the intelligent equipment cloud service platform can collect the operation data of enterprise intelligent block machines and user usage habit data to realize online monitoring and remote upgrade. Real-time tracking and monitoring of the health status of customer production lines throughout the life cycle, realizing remote hidden trouble prediction, troubleshooting, and online maintenance. The guests spoke highly of QGM for adhering to the principle of “customer-centric” and continuously creating value.

     In the intelligent cloud platform on the first floor, Technical Director, Mr. Zhong Jia, introduced the intelligent equipment cloud service technology independently developed by QGM to the visiting guests in detail. As a service-oriented manufacturing demonstration project of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the intelligent equipment cloud service platform can collect the operation data of enterprise intelligent block machines and user usage habit data to realize online monitoring and remote upgrade. Real-time tracking and monitoring of the health status of customer production lines throughout the life cycle, realizing remote hidden trouble prediction, troubleshooting, and online maintenance. The guests spoke highly of QGM for adhering to the principle of “customer-centric” and continuously creating value.

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本教程适用版本：WPS 365 点击免费使用

Excel文件如何转换成txt文件呢？我经常用另存为的小技巧来实现这个目标，我们一起来看看这个小技巧的具体操作步骤吧！

第一步，建立一个需要转化成文本的数据表格，如下图所示：

>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

第二步，左上角点击文件，选择另存为，在右侧列表中选择其他格式，具体操作如下图所示：

>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

第三步，在弹出的窗口的下方文件类型选择txt格式，具体操作如下图所示：

>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

保存之后，我们就可以看到最后的效果了：

>>免费升级到企业版，赠超大存储空间

Excel文件就被我们转换成txt文件了。这个小技巧，你学会了吗？

The ISO 13485 certification standard is an internationally recognized standard that stipulates regulations for a quality management system (known as a QMS) in the field of medical devices. These rules focus on design, development, production, installation, and servicing both medical devices and relevant services. It’s based on the ISO 9001 standard, except ISO 13485 broadens it in some sector-specific areas. We’ll explain all about this certification, its audit requirements, criteria, benefits, and all the associated standards in this article. 

What is ISO 13485 Certification?

As briefly explained in the intro, ISO 13485 is a necessary and important certification for businesses designing, producing, and/or distributing medical devices. The standard establishes QMS guidance for devices and relates to most activities in the medical device industry, including the construction and supply of diagnostic tools, surgical instruments, implants, prosthetics, and other completed medical devices. It also relates to any company that manufactures custom parts, or supplies raw materials to the medical device sector.

While it’s not universally required for all companies in the medical device sector, there are situations where it may be necessary, or at least highly beneficial. For starters, the certification demands regulatory adherence in some areas of technology. Most customers, distributors, and healthcare providers prefer clients who are certified and often require it to do business. Some suppliers require it to keep their own high reputations.

Certification can be a contractual obligation when manufacturing, or research and development of medical devices. Since it’s a requirement that a QMS manages risks, certification indicates a commitment to reducing risk and complying with standards. ISO registration also helps with international business. The well-known industry language increases confidence in a company.

The certificate proves a company’s regulatory compliance when it comes to these devices and covers risk management and controlled processes. Getting the certificate is no easy feat as companies are thoroughly inspected by auditors who are looking for absolute internal compliance, thorough monitoring processes, and recorded traceability from design and development to production, installation, servicing, and product end-of-life procedures. Ultimately, they want to make sure that a company can demonstrate processes and controls that guarantee the safety, effectiveness, and quality of medical devices for their whole lifespan.

Contract manufacturers or OEMs providing medical devices and related services use this standard to show their compliance throughout the process, from concept to patient use. It also applies to medical device distributors and importers to prevent risk in case of potentially faulty or non-compliant pieces. Also included are service providers in maintenance, calibration, repair, and technical support, and teams that work in medical device innovation and development. If they can show pre-compliance from the start, it’s easier to comply later in the process.

Benefits

There are lots of benefits that come with having an ISO 13485 certification. For instance, regulatory compliance makes it easier for companies to bring products to the market, since they have an easy way to show they’re in accordance with the rules. It also means they can release better-quality products with safety records. This is due to the systematic approach that ISO 13485 requires. It helps produce consistently safe medical devices and mitigate risks.

Certified companies often report better customer and market confidence, since it shows their commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. It shows both customers and healthcare professionals that they follow internationally recognized standards and practices. Since certification demands effective procedures, companies naturally see better efficiency and can detect and prevent issues early, as well as reduce mistakes, and prevent waste. 

Most business partners prefer to work with certified organizations since they’ve shown commitment to compliance and quality so having the certificate will give a company an edge over the competition. ISO 13485 also demands regular improvement. When improvement is a part of the corporate culture, employees won’t think twice about tracking their performance and analyzing outcomes. And if aspects become substandard, they will know how to improve the process.

Quality Management Systems

To receive this certification, the company has to build an internal QMS operation that meets the standard. When the QMS is in place, the company goes through an extensive audit by someone with accredited certification. The audit evaluates the company’s compliance with the certification requirements and assesses the efficacy of the QMS. A QMS is a framework and structure for an operation. It ensures the results of the company comply with customer needs and expectations, regulatory standards, operational requirements, and internal self-improvement mechanisms within the company. 

A solid QMS details procedures, record keeping, communications, risk assessment, and regular ways to improve, including policies and objectives, document control, employee training and capability, supplier management facilities, corrective and preventative actions, and constant improvement. Compliance with QMS standards can be evaluated and certified by outside sources, and there are similar standards that are relevant to both general and specific sectors and specializations. 

Usually, QMS planning is based on international standards like ISO 9001. It gives creators a framework to establish, apply, and maintain quality-management measures with the aim of continual improvement. The systems can be adapted to lots of industries and individualized for specific markets and regulatory requirements. 

Criteria

There are six main criteria for ISO 13485 audits. The auditor first goes over the organization’s QEM documentation (i.e., policies, methods, work directives) to confirm it meets requirements. Next is the on-site audit to assess the system’s execution and effectiveness and evaluate processes and procedures, including staff interviews to confirm they understand the criteria. Third is the process evaluation to ensure everything is documented and controlled, and after that, we have regulatory compliance. This shows whether the company meets requirements like those from the FDA in the U.S. or the Medical Devices Directive in the EU. 

The fifth criteria is addressing noncompliance and corrective actions. Any points where the company fell short during the audit have to be addressed and fixed. The non-compliant components will have to be re-audited after being corrected. The auditor may also assess the organization’s process for correcting the problems. Finally, there is a management review. The auditors assess how management evaluates the QMS internally and their methods of improvement. 

Audit/Accreditation Process

Typically, the ISO 13485 audit and accreditation process follows specific steps. It starts with preparation, when the applicant builds and applies a QMS that meets the standard. This may include a major culture shift within the company and needs the entire organization to be on board. Next is documentation, when the applicant team documents how the QMS complies with the standards. Third is an internal audit, which tests initial compliance. Doing this highlights weaknesses so the company can improve before the actual audit.

Once that’s completed, the company invites (and pays for) an accredited certification organization to audit its QMS. This is known as the certification audit and deals only with documentation. Auditors determine that the company’s plan complies with ISO 13485 on paper. Stage two evaluates the operational effectiveness of the QMS, once any necessary corrections are completed and is more hands-on. 

Following the certification audit is nonconformity management. If there are aspects that the auditors find to be lacking, the company has to fix the issues in order to receive their certification. Once they have everything as it should be, the auditors confirm the fixes and issue the certificate. While having the certification is a great thing, the monitoring doesn’t end there. Companies are subject to regular (typically once a year) surveillance audits by a certification body to ensure that their QMS is still in compliance.

Accrediting Bodies

Gaining certification is a layered process. The primary layer includes national accreditation bodies that review and authorize local-level service providers. In turn, these providers do certification audits for registrant companies and organizations. This way, there is a traceable path of adherence for all parties, right up to the national or regional accreditation service.

Service providers receive accreditation from national or regional bodies that determine their ability to meet the standards needed to certify others. The accreditation body that’s relevant to your certifier will vary by region. Some leading national organizations are listed below.

Standard Abbreviation Country StandardANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board AbbreviationANAB CountryUSA StandardUnited Kingdom Accreditation Service AbbreviationUKAS CountryUK StandardStandards Council of Canada AbbreviationSCC CountryCanada StandardNational Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies AbbreviationNABCB CountryIndia StandardDeutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH AbbreviationDAkkS CountryGermany StandardJoint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand AbbreviationJAS-ANZ CountryAustralia/New Zealand StandardThe Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China AbbreviationCNCA CountryChina

Accrediting Bodies

Similar Certifications/Accreditations

There are lots of other certifications that are similar in their focus on QMS in the medical device industry or related fields, some of which you can find in the table below. 

Standard What it covers Other information StandardFDA Quality System Regulation (QSR) What it coversSets medical device quality system requirements in the U.S. for manufacturers Other informationIs also known as 21 CFR Part 820, and is mandatory to sell medical devices in the U.S. StandardMedical Device Single Audit Program (MDSAP) What it coversA single audit to check for met regulations across different jurisdictions (so no need for multiple audits for each area) Other informationDetermines adherence to the rules of countries like America, Canada, Brazil, Japan, and Australia StandardIEC 62304 What it coversA compulsory European standard for medical device software programs Other informationHas regulations for software development, maintenance, and risk mitigation StandardISO 14971 What it coversAn international standard for risk management of medical devices Other informationFocuses on managing risks in development and production and is often needed in addition to ISO 13485 StandardISO 13971 What it coversAn international standard for risk management in medical devices, offering process guidance Other informationOften paired with ISO 13485 practices StandardIEC 60601 What it coversSafety and performance requirements Other informationParticularly relevant for devices used in hospitals or that have direct contact with patients StandardISO/IEC 27001 What it coversCovers information security management systems Other informationNot specific to medical devices, but can be relevant for products and services that handle patient data StandardISO 9001 What it coversThe primary QMS standard which applies to most industries Other informationISO 13485-registered companies often add this for better quality management StandardCE Marking What it coversThe conformity assessment mark indicates a product’s compliance with health and safety requirements in Europe (including European Medical Device Regulation (EU 2017/745) or In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (EU 2017/746), depending on the type of medical device Other informationIs mandatory for the sale of any medical device in the European Economic Area, includes adherence to ISO 13485 StandardISO 45001 What it coversA health and safety management standard that applies in all developed markets Other informationHelps businesses manage risk and workplace safety to protect staff health and well-being

Similar Certifications/Accreditations

How Xometry Can Help

We are proud to say that as of March 31, 2022, Xometry is ISO 13485 certified. By becoming ISO 13485 certified, it shows that our QMS is appropriate and effective for the safety and quality of manufacturing medical devices. This certification joins our growing list, including ISO 9001:2915 and AS9100D. Read our full Medical Device Manufacturing Certification press release.

Xometry offers a wide range of manufacturing capabilities, including medical CNC machining, and other value-added services for your prototyping and production needs. You can get started today by uploading your designs to the Xometry Instant Quoting Engine®.

Disclaimer

The content appearing on this webpage is for informational purposes only. Xometry makes no representation or warranty of any kind, be it expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness, or validity of the information. Any performance parameters, geometric tolerances, specific design features, quality and types of materials, or processes should not be inferred to represent what will be delivered by third-party suppliers or manufacturers through Xometry’s network. Buyers seeking quotes for parts are responsible for defining the specific requirements for those parts. Please refer to our terms and conditions for more information.

Kat de NaoumKat de Naoum is a writer, author, editor, and content specialist from the UK with 20+ years of writing experience. Kat has experience writing for a variety of manufacturing and technical organizations and loves the world of engineering. Alongside writing, Kat was a paralegal for almost 10 years, seven of which were in ship finance. She has written for many publications, both print and online. Kat has a BA in English literature and philosophy, and an MA in creative writing from Kingston University.

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The CNC machining process is a great way to turn innovative designs into precise working models. However, users can only enjoy the full advantages of the process if they use the right CNC machining materials.

Using the most suitable material can produce products that exceed your expectations. In contrast, not choosing the best CNC machining material for a particular project can end in utter disappointment when you see or use the finished part.

CNC machining offer superb versatility. You are not limited in choices; there is a wide range of materials suitable for CNC machining. The best CNC material for a project will depend on many factors.

This article will guide you in choosing between different CNC machining materials, allowing you to create the best CNC machining project and get the best results!

What are the Factors That Affect The Choice of CNC Machining Materials?

Many factors affect which CNC materials are best for a specific project. For example, the technical requirements to manufacture space shuttle engine components are far more demanding than those for constructing high-performance recreational equipment.

Consider the factors below and how they might affect your scenario before choosing the best material for your project.

Purpose

Use the purpose of the component to shortlist possible materials you can use for it. For example, to make toys, you should avoid using metal materials. Manufacturing insulation-related components r needs a material with low conductivity.

Indoors vs. Outdoors

A component for outdoor use must be resistant to UV rays, rain, and other weather elements. Such parts require durable material properties and a robust design. In contrast, an indoor component has no exposure to extreme environmental conditions, so a more extensive range of suitable materials is available.

Stress Load

Many manufacturers forget to account for the load-bearing stress on the part, leading to complete part failure. A component or part that must handle high-stress loading requires strong materials with good mechanical properties and superior dimensional stability, such as metals, alloys, or high-strength plastic materials.

Dimensional Tolerance

Every material has a dimensional tolerance that affects the overall accuracy of the manufactured part. In many cases, dimensional tolerance might not be a critical factor, but applications such as medical equipment require precision parts. Tolerance comes at a price, so if a project requires extremely low tolerances, you will need specialized cutting tools on the CNC machine.

Using a material with suitable dimensional tolerance initially is cheaper than having to pay to resize the part later.

Machinability

Materials with high strength and hardness might seem ideal but often take longer to machine and cause more wear and tear on cutting tools. The benefits of choosing materials with good machinability results are faster production and minimum maintenance.

Fastening

CNC machining often creates parts that form more complex components in a later assembly incorporating fasteners. The fastening measures are in the initial CNC design. But not every CNC material supports fastening, and specific properties such as galvanic corrosion resistance can be important for some fastening cases. So, choose a material that supports the specific fastening requirements.

Temperature Range

Consider the operating temperature range for the final product and its environmental conditions. The material must handle the required operating temperature and any expected thermal changes. Many materials expand due to temperature variations. For example, some plastic materials can handle typical operating temperatures but break down or warp when temperatures change too frequently.

CNC machining processes like CNC milling use cutting tools that generate heat. This heat transfers to the component material. Ensure the material you choose can handle the increased temperatures during the CNC machining process without distortion.

Chemical Resistance

Chemical resistance is just as important as resistance to high temperatures. For example, a CNC machined component destined for use in a chemically reactive environment such as a lab or research facility needs to be chemically resistant. Using metal materials in an acidic environment is never a good idea.

Corrosion Resistance

For high-humidity environmental conditions, focus on the corrosion resistance characteristics of the material. Materials with poor corrosion resistance can rust and degrade quickly. Does the project require high-strength metals for a high-humidity working environment? Try corrosion-resistant alloys.

Weight Capacity

The weight of the material and its weight-bearing capacity are critical factors for most projects. In cases where the part will support heavy weight, you must choose a sufficiently strong material. These materials are typically heavier in weight themselves. Is the part’s weight a critical concern? Then a high strength-to-weight ratio material is the best option.

Durability and Strength

A robust manufacturing process is vital so that the part will last for its intended lifespan. So, evaluate the strength and durability requirements of the application and choose a material that meets those characteristics. Consider the factors below:

• Tensile Strength: The tension a material can handle before breaking down.
• Wear Resistance: The degree of resistance against abrasion or natural wear and tear during its lifespan.
• Endurance Strength: How much stress an object can absorb. An impact-resistant material has high endurance strength.

Surface Finishing

When aesthetics are a concern, choose a material that provides a high-quality surface finish. For example, a metal surface can be treated for a smooth glossy, or matte surface finish. The same is not the case for many plastic-based materials.

Raw Material Cost

Lastly, the cost is a deciding factor in choosing the best material for CNC machining. Do you have a limited project budget? Go for plastics or ceramics. Metals and their alloys have exceptional physical properties but are expensive CNC materials.

What are the Different Material Options for a CNC Machining Project?

CNC materials fall into basic classes: metals, plastics, woods, foams, ceramics, and composites. Below is a list of the different classes with examples of CNC materials in each.

Metals

Metal parts provide the best precision and ruggedness of all CNC machining materials. However, they come at a high cost and with vulnerabilities such as corrosion in humidity. Metal alloys eliminate most of these vulnerabilities quite well. Common metals and their alloys used in metal CNC machining include:

Aluminum

Aluminum and aluminum alloys are the most common materials used in CNC machining projects. Aluminum is known for its superb strength-to-weight ratio. Aluminum parts are lightweight but can handle high stress. It has excellent machinability and low raw material costs, so aluminum is more popular for cheap mass-production projects than other metals. Different types of aluminum alloys used in CNC milling include:

• Aluminum 6061
• Aluminum 7075
• Aluminum 6082
• Aluminum 5083

Applications of CNC machined aluminium:

• Consumer electronics
• Medical devices
• Aerospace frames
• Automotive components

Steel

Steel is an alloy made of iron and carbon, with improved strength and corrosion resistance characteristics of iron. Steel has extensive use in CNC machining in different forms like sheets, bars, cylinders, and blocks. Many types of steels with varying amounts of carbons exist.

Some common types include:

• Stainless steel
• Steel 1018
• Steel 12L14
• Carbon steel
• Carbon steel 1045

Carbon steel contains a higher amount of carbon than other steel. So, carbon steel has high strength and hardness characteristics but is more brittle.

Characteristics of steel include very high strength, high ductility (ability to draw into wires), excellent machinability, high corrosion and wear resistance, and good surface finishing. However, producing steel parts in high volume can be costly.

Applications of CNC machined steel:

• Automotive components
• Car Accessories
• Aircraft components
• Tools

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is one of the most widely used types of steel in CNC machining. It has a comparable volume to many other materials like wood. But it requires a cursory understanding of its own.

It comes in many different grades:

• Stainless Steel 303
• Stainless Steel 304
• Stainless Steel 316
• Stainless Steel 416
• Marine-grade stainless steel
• And more

The most sought-after quality of stainless steel is its ability to resist wear and abrasion. It is ideal for manufacturing precision parts but is costly for large-volume production.

Applications of stainless steel in the machining industry:

• Medical industry
• Tooling
• Aircraft construction
• Tankers and vessels
• Food and catering utensils and equipment

Brass

Brass is one of the most expensive materials for CNC machining. Some common types of brass used in machining include C3604 and C3602. It is often the preferred choice for one-off artwork and aesthetic-based projects that do not have a limited project budget.

Brass has a smooth surface finish that is easy to polish. Brass is easy to machine, reducing the operational costs of CNC machining. Other appealing qualities of brass are its electrical conductivity, high corrosion resistance, and low friction. The qualities of brass make it ideal for:

• Sanitaryware
• Locks
• Hinges
• Zippers
• Valves
• Locks
• Art installations

Titanium

The toughness and hardness of titanium make it ideal for applications that require high strength and durability. Titanium is also highly corrosion-resistant, and various surface finishes are available.

Applications of CNC machined titanium:

• Aerospace industry
• Sporting equipment like golf clubs
• Knives
• Wristwatches
• Glasses
• Jewelry
• Sculptures

Copper

Copper has superb electrical and thermal conductivity. It is often used in CNC machining because it has high ductility, malleability, and corrosion resistance. However, the cost of copper can be high compared to other materials, including metals, making it quite expensive for mass-producing metal parts.

Applications of copper for CNC machining are:

• Valves
• Electrical connectors
• Radiators
• Insulation components
• Heat exchangers

Other Metals and Alloys

Besides these common materials for CNC machining, some other metals and alloys can find fewer applications. These include:

• Bronze
• Zinc
• Magnesium
• Molybdenum
• Tungsten
• Kovar
• Invar
• Nickel
• Hastelloy

Plastics

Although metals have good physical properties, they can be expensive to mass-produce parts. For large-volume production, plastics tend to be cheaper. Many plastic resin compounds offer sufficient strength and other physical properties to make them ideal replacements for metals.

Common plastics used in CNC machining:

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

ABS is one of the most common forms of plastic used in CNC machining. It is a thermoplastic with good physical properties. It is also very easy to machine. ABS performs well across a wide temperature range compared to many other plastics. The cost of ABS raw materials is low, making it cheap for large-scale production.

Common applications of ABS:

• Pipes
• Fittings
• Vacuum components
• Keyboard keys
• Electronics housing
• Prototypes
• 3D building

Thermoplastic Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

PVC is another plastic extensively used in CNC machining. Its standout qualities include its sturdiness and chemical, corrosion, and fire resistance. It is cheap to use, making it a suitable material for limited-budget projects.

Applications of PVC:

• Pipes
• Medical device manufacturing
• Electronics housing
• Insulation
• Automotive industry interiors
• Footwear
• Seat coverings

Acetal- Delrin (POM)

Polyoxymethylene is commonly known as acetal, polyacetal, Delrin, or POM. It is a thermoplastic material that provides high dimensional stability and low friction. It is an excellent choice for mass-produced precision parts using CNC machining and injection molding.

Some common applications of CNC machining for Delrin:

• Toys
• Sports gear
• Mechanical parts like screws, chains, gears, etc.
• Small scale models
• Medical equipment
• Zippers

Acrylic (PMMA)

Polymethyl Methacrylate, known as PMMA or Acrylic PMMA, is a common thermoplastic material. It is visually transparent, giving it the name Acrylic Glass. Several trademarked brands like Plexiglass, Lucite, and Perspex use this material. It has high flexural and tensile strength, UV tolerance, and abrasion resistance.

Applications of acrylic for CNC machining:

• LED lights
• Architecture
• Electronics
• Industrial applications
• Automotive lighting parts

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polycarbonates (PCs) are somewhat similar to PMMA acrylics, as some grades of polycarbonate materials can be visually transparent. They have very high machinability, making them easy to mold into different parts.

Applications of polycarbonate:

• Dome lights
• Insulation components
• Dielectrics
• Sound walls
• 3D printing
• DVDs
• Eyeglasses and sunglasses

Noryl (PPO)

Noryl is a blend of a plastic resin, such as PPO or PPE, and polystyrene. The resulting material has good dimensional stability, machinability, and low density. Noryl can also be resistant to high temperatures and incorporate electrical insulation properties.

Applications of Noryl:

• Electrodes
• Electrical equipment
• Water pumps

Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene (PP) is the most widely produced plastic after polyethylene. It is a rugged material and has excellent chemical and heat resistance. Propylene’s high strength and rigidity make it ideal for pure water distribution systems. It is also resistant to chemical leaching and corrosion.

Applications of propylene:

• Potable plumbing
• Hydronic heating
• Lab equipment
• Bottle caps
• Bottles
• Drums
• Loudspeaker drive units

Teflon (PTFE)

Polytetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as Teflon, is a popular polymer. It is a hydrophobic material unaffected by water or water-based liquids. It has an extremely low coefficient of friction, lower than most other solids.

Applications of Teflon for machining projects:

• Wire insulation
• Bearings seals
• Musical instruments
• Kitchen accessories

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

HDPE, also known as PEHD, is a common thermoplastic polymer. It has high corrosion resistance and a high strength-to-density ratio. It is commonly recycled and consumed in large amounts globally.

Applications:

• Pipes
• Bottles
• Jerrycans
• Milk jugs

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

UHMWPE, also called High Modulus Polyethylene, is a type of thermoplastic polyethylene. Its toughness makes it the most impact resistant of all thermoplastic materials. It is also chemically resistant to most acids and alkalis.

Common applications:

• Fibers for parachuting and fishing lines
• Medical implant biomaterial
• Marine infrastructure

Nylon

Nylon is a thermoplastic with a silk-like texture. The physical properties of nylon vary significantly with the addition of different materials. Some common types are nylon 6, 66, 510, and 1.6.

Applications:

• Machine screws, gears, and gaskets
• Car composite parts
• Firearms
• Toothbrushes
• String trimmers

Other Plastics

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has a high level of resistance to corrosive substances and a high melting point, making it a popular material for machining parts and various other projects.

Other plastics that can be CNC machined are:

• Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
• Polyetherimide – Ultem (PEI)
• Phenolics (Bakelite)

Woods

Woods such as plywood and solid wood used to be popular in CNC machining. However, environmental, availability and cost factors have shifted the focus to metals and plastics. Despite this change, wood is still a popular CNC machining material in some industries.

Applications:

• Furniture frames
• Carvings
• Legs for tables, chairs, and beds
• Decoration pieces

Foams

CNC machining material selection is not limited to hard materials. Even softer substances like rigid and carving foams are excellent materials for CNC machining in industrial applications.

Applications of CNC foam machining:

• Packaging elements
• Insulations
• Decor items
• Props

Ceramics

Ceramics are aesthetically beautiful, and their physical properties make them ideal for various applications. They are good insulators against heat and electricity and have high compressive endurance.

Applications for ceramic CNC machining:

• Decor pieces
• Insulator elements
• Jewelry pieces
• Electrical component housing

Composites

Composites, such as FRP, have become common nowadays for their exceptional mechanical properties, ability to withstand pinpoint surface loads, tensile strength, and many other factors. They are the best materials if the job requires a robust, durable, low-cost solution.

Applications:

• Decor pieces like fountains
• Glass replacement
• Aerospace applications like radar and antenna
• Aircraft industry parts
• Sports
• Wind turbine blades

Tips for Optimizing Material Selection for CNC Machining

So, how can you improve the material selection process and add more value to your project?

Go Beyond Metals

Many manufacturers immediately look at metals when thinking of a CNC machining project. In recent years, non-metallic materials have provided better value for money by offering similar physical properties to metals at a lower cost. They are also easier to machine.

Choosing the Right Material Grades

Many materials come in different grades. When you decide on a material for your project, say steel or foam, choose the most suitable grade of that material, as they can vary considerably in their properties. For example, rigid and carving foam have different purposes as finished parts because of their distinct properties.

Dust Filtering

Many materials, such as composites, wood, and even metals, generate excessive dust during CNC machining. Excessive dust can harm the workforce and even the finished parts, In many cases, especially aerospace and aircraft components and R&D applications, cleanliness is critical. When choosing dust-generating materials, follow proper dust removal protocols to ensure a safe workplace and preserve the integrity of finished parts.

Which is the Best Material For a CNC Machining Project?

No single material can be deemed best for all CNC machining projects. Different materials have distinct properties and purposes, although aluminum is the most widely used since its properties are flexible and suitable for most requirements.

Conclusion

Choosing the right material for CNC machining can be daunting due to the many options available. Aluminum is an excellent choice for its light weight, strength, and machinability, while stainless steel is ideal for parts that need to be durable and resistant to corrosion. Other materials, such as titanium, brass, and bronze, are also viable options for specific applications. The best material for CNC machining will depend on the requirements of a given project. When selecting a material for CNC machining, consider the properties and performance of the material, as well as its cost.

Choosing the right material is the first step. But using the right CNC machining services is also a critical decision. 3ERP is the best available solution in this regard. As a leading CNC machining service provider, 3ERP can handle any project requirements and offers every possible material you might need.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are the answers to some commonly asked questions regarding choosing the best material for a CNC manufacturing process:

1. What is the most common material used for CNC machining?

Common materials used for CNC manufacturing are steel, aluminum, and plastics.

2. What are the hardest materials to CNC machine?

Heat-treated alloy variants such as alloy steel and cobalt-based alloy are generally the hardest materials to machine.

3. Which CNC machining material has the highest machinability?

Free-machining steel is a material that has the highest machinability. Materials like plastics and composites are easier to cut but can react badly to high temperatures generated during the cutting process.

4. Which is the most durable material that can be CNC machined?

Maraging steel is the most durable material for CNC machining.

5. Which CNC machining material has the best heat and temperature resistance?

Ceramics offer the highest resistance to heat and temperature changes.

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Manufacturing has been silently coming back onshore for the last few years. The manufacturing job “bleed” that started during the first heady days of globalization and continued through 2010 has effectively been stanched. According to the Re-shoring Initiative, On-shoring now breaks even with offshoring, and will soon surpass it.

Manufacturing is officially coming home to roost.

From the fast growth of technology in manufacturing to the reality of steadily rising wages in developing countries, making things “over there” is no longer as cost-effective, time-effective or reliable as it used to be. More and more American companies are on-shoring, and the nation has surpassed China to lead in foreign direct investment (FDI). Manufacturing has shifted, and while the American worker stands to gain, this meaningful shift in American manufacturing is still no guarantee of future success.

Over the course of the next decade, the U.S. economy is projected to need 3.5 million manufacturing jobs. Unfortunately, 2 million of these are likely to go unfilled due to a skills and training gap that is only starting to be addressed. And that’s looking ahead at a problem that’s already here. The Manufacturing Institute reports that 82% of manufacturers today suffer from a moderate to severe skills gap, meaning that products never make it to market, growth is impeded and the ability to sustain current business is at risk simply because there are not enough people to do the work. Add to this number the fact that nearly a quarter of workers who are currently employed will reach retirement age in the next few years, and the true skills gap in manufacturing starts to emerge.

Meanwhile, the nature of work is changing —and changing quickly. Automation, robots, cobots, IIoT, additive manufacturing and other advances are allowing every industry to do vastly more with fewer traditional workers and U.S. manufacturing is especially ripe for this transformation. Unless the U.S. workforce can actually do the manufacturing jobs coming back from overseas, they’re likely to languish here before landing elsewhere. What’s needed to secure America’s future in Manufacturing is a comprehensive way to assist displaced workers with skills training and education, as well as a revitalization effort to bring in new, diverse talent into the manufacturing workforce.

Investment in a 21st-century manufacturing workforce is essential. Whether that investment comes, as former editor-in-chief of International Business Times, Jeffrey Rothfeder, has suggested, via tax incentives given to companies that offer real-world apprenticeships, STEM education or via federally funded retraining programs, is beside the point — they are all crucial efforts.

But just training and retraining the current workforce is not enough to create energy and change in the American manufacturing industry. Both the Manufacturing Institute and The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) are in agreement that for U.S. manufacturing to compete in coming years and decades, it also must attract, train and embrace a more diverse workforce. Greater diversity — what someone is born with and what he or she acquires from life’s experiences — is proven to engender a more innovative atmosphere in the companies that employ it. And innovation is the bread and butter of any successful, enduring industry.

Engendering a strong American manufacturing workforce requires well-trained, highly skilled and diverse workers.

People of color and immigrants should be sought out and welcomed by those manufacturing companies that want to maintain competitiveness, and within that advance, greater gender diversity is also a vital element. Women are the largest source of untapped talent in the U.S. Labor force — a gap which is particularly relevant in manufacturing. To attract a more varied workforce, manufacturing must become a supportive industry for those workers.

From capturing new markets and increasing market share to inspiring and driving innovation, there are real bottom line reasons to make sure your workforce isn’t homogenous. That U.S. manufacturing is vital to the success of everyone working in or invested in the industry (as well as the U.S. economy’s health as a whole) is something everyone can agree on. Ensuring manufacturing’s place in the future of the U.S. economy requires a well-trained, highly skilled, and diverse workforce, capable of handling the complex and adaptive work that makes up modern-day manufacturing.

William KruegerAs a digital marketing specialist, William works with all forms of media from photography and video to content writing and graphic design to tell the story of American manufacturing. He holds a B.A. in Communication from Wittenberg University.

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Oct
15

Effectively representing your interests in Washington is an ongoing, daily process involving many varied steps and actions. It is not always easy to see the full scope of this unless you are actually here in Washington. So, we list below some of the key legislative coalitions which NAW leads or helps manage, and actions the coalitions and/or NAW specifically have taken on those key issues. We also provide a sampling of the meetings in which we participate, regularly or for specific purposes, as part of our continuing effort to fight for the wholesale distribution industry in Congress and the regulatory agencies – in this case from May through September 2019. If you would like to see additional information on the issues mentioned below, please go to: www.naw.org

TAXES:

• The LIFO Coalition – NAW organized and since 2006 has led the LIFO Coalition, opposing every effort to repeal LIFO both legislatively and through regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Neither the House nor the Senate included LIFO repeal in their tax proposals in 2017, nor did the White House recommend repeal – a huge victory for our industry which uses the accounting method extensively.
• Parity for Main Street Employers – NAW serves on the Steering Committee for PMSE, which advocates for equitable tax treatment for pass-through businesses. PMSE led the fight for changes to both the House and Senate tax proposals in 2017, resulting in significant improvements in the final Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). PMSE continued its efforts throughout 2018 as the Department of the Treasury wrote the regulations necessary to implement the TCJA and has now taken the lead working with allies in Congress to make permanent the specific pass-through provision in the law that are now scheduled to expire in 2025.
• Marketplace Fairness Coalition – The intense growth in e-commerce has put wholesaler-distributors and others with physical presence in the states at a measurable disadvantage to on-line sellers who are not required to collect state sales taxes. NAW serves on the MFC’s Management Committee, which advocated for federal legislation to overturn the US Supreme Court’s 1992 decision in Quill v. North Dakota to permit the states to equalize the sales tax treatment of remote transactions with sales made locally in Page 2 brick-and-mortar locations. NAW also participated in the federal litigation on this subject, filing an amicus curiae brief in support of South Dakota’s US Supreme Court petition for a Writ of Certiorari in South Dakota v. Wayfair et al., and joining an amicus brief to the high Court on the merits. On June 21, 2018, the Supreme Court handed down a decision in the Wayfair case overturning the Quill decision allowing states to require out-of-state/on-line sellers to collect state sales taxes. So far, no new legislation has been introduced in the 116th Congress to address this issue and Rep. Jerry Nadler (NY-19), the new Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, has indicated that he will not intervene in the Supreme Court’s decision. The Marketplace Fairness Coalition strongly believes that the time for Congress to act was prior to the Wayfair decision and has now passed.

LABOR:

• Coalition for a Democratic Workplace – NAW serves on the Management Committee and Steering Committee of CDW, a coalition of 500 trade associations which was organized to oppose organized labor’s effort to pass legislation removing the secret ballot from union certification elections. In the last ten years CDW has filed comments, amicus briefs and court challenges in response to numerous pro-labor regulations and rulemakings from the National Labor Relations Board and the Department of Labor. Since the 2016 election, CDW has participated in legislation, regulations and rule-making repealing or modifying the anti-business regulations of the previous Administration.
• Partnership to Protect Workplace Opportunity – NAW helps manage PPWO, which was organized to oppose the Department of Labor/Wage and Hour Division’s 2015 proposed changes to the overtime rules. NAW individually filed comments in the rulemaking on the overtime regulations, brought several member CEO’s to Washington to meet with the White House and Labor Department regulators, and joined as a plaintiff in the litigation that successfully challenged the final rule in court. We participated in the new rulemaking initiated in 2018-2019, which resulted in a much more business-friendly rule in September 2019.
• NLRB Trade Association Working Group – A coalition of association and corporation executives and corporate attorneys organized to coordinate the business community’s participation in NLRB rulemaking and case adjudication. The mission of the working group expanded in 2018 to include Department of Labor (DoL) rulemaking, and again in 2019 to respond to new and burdensome compensation data collection requirements enacted by the Obama-era Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

HEATH CARE:

• Stop the HIT Coalition – NAW serves on the Steering Committee of the Stop the HIT Coalition, which advocates for the repeal of the Obamacare “health insurance tax” which is, in essence, a premium tax that will be passed on to individuals and businesses. Last Congress, a pause in the collection of the HIT for 2019 was enacted as part of the stopgap government funding bill, and the coalition worked to advance legislation to extend the Page 3 delay in 2020. This Congress, the coalition was successful in having new legislation introduced in both the House and Senate to delay and fully repeal the HIT. The HIT coalition continues to urge Congress to ultimately repeal the HIT once and for all.
• Cadillac Tax; Expanded Use of Health Savings Accounts (HSA); Employer Mandate – The Cadillac tax (a 40% excise tax on high-cost employer-sponsored health plans) was enacted as part of the Affordable Care Act. Its repeal is a high priority for NAW and the many other organizations that are affiliated with the National Coalition on Benefits (NCB) and the Partnership for Employer Sponsored Coverage (P4ESC). NAW serves on NCB’s Steering Committee, and P4ESC’s Management Committee. In July, the House overwhelmingly voted to fully repeal the Cadillac Tax but action in the Senate is unclear given the overall cost of repeal. A delay in implementation of the Cadillac Tax until 2022 was enacted as part of the stopgap government funding bill. NAW is also working with these groups in support of legislation to provide employers with greater flexibility in their health benefit offerings by permitting wider use of HSAs. Finally, with NAW’s support P4ESC is promoting legislation to revise employers’ reporting requirements under the ACA’s employer mandate

GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT:

• Procurement Through Commercial e-Commerce Portals – Section 846 of the fiscal year 2018 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) directed the General Services Administration (GSA) to establish a program to procure commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products through commercial e-commerce portals. NAW organized a working group of member companies with substantial e-commerce to engage on this issue. While the law provides for multiple marketplaces, GSA’s Phase I implementation report and recommended statutory changes could result in a single entity like Amazon becoming a monopoly marketplace. In the FY’19 NDAA Conference Report, the NAW working group was successful in preventing the GSA-supported provision to increase the micropurchase threshold (MPT) from $10,000 to $25,000 for portal transactions only. NAW was also able to have language included in the House FY’20 NDAA that directs the GSA to conduct their upcoming pilot with multiple e-commerce models, not just the Amazon model. NAW has submitted multiple written critiques of the GSA plan to the Congress, the Administration, and is actively at work to prevent any legislative back-sliding on these issues as Congress continues to negotiate the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2020.

TRANSPORTATION & INFRASTRUCTURE:

• Infrastructure Working Group – NAW sits on the Infrastructure Working Group (IWG) coalition, which consists of nearly 120 manufacturing, distribution, construction, agriculture and finance trade associations, labor unions, and other diverse stakeholders. The IWG is working to urge Congress and the Administration to pass a large-scale comprehensive Infrastructure Package to transform the nation’s current 20th century infrastructure into a system that can support a 21st century economy
• Americans for Modern Transportation – NAW is a founding member of Americans for Modern Transportation; a coalition of American shippers, carriers, and retailers who advocate for improved transportation infrastructure as well as efficient trucking policies and incentives for better safety and fuel technology. The coalition is working to urge Congress and the Administration to allow twin 33-foot trailers, smart road technologies, and increased investment in the Highway Trust Fund to increase the efficiency and productivity of the interstate commerce system.

OTHER COALITIONS: NAW serves on the Management and/or Steering Committees of numerous other coalitions, including –

• The 1,000-member Tax Relief Coalition
• Coalition for Workplace Safety
• Employers Heath Care Clearinghouse
• Mobile Workforce Coalition
• Employers for Flexibility
• DRIVE-Safe Act Coalition
• National Coalition on Benefits
• Partnership for Employer Sponsored Coverage
• NAW Online Procurement Working Group

Other meetings and activities: In addition to the effort made through our coalitions, NAW staff –

• Had numerous calls with reporters from The Washington Post, The Washington Times, The New York Times, Bloomberg News, The Wall Street Journal, Roll Call Newspaper, Politico Newspaper, The Hill Newspaper, The National Journal Magazine, CEO Update, and Congressional Quarterly Magazine to discuss legislative and political issues
• Attended quarterly meetings on National Labor Relations Board regulations and litigation with attorneys and association colleagues
• Attended bi-weekly dinner meetings of association colleagues with a guest participant at each meeting, including Senators, Members of the House of Representatives, journalists, and key staff from Capitol Hill and the Administration
• Made presentations on government relations matters to NAW Billion Dollar and Large Company Roundtable meetings in Chicago
• Served on the Steering Committees for Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE), Senator Dan Sullivan (R-AK), Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC) and Cong. Bradley Byrne (R-AL, candidate for U.S. Senate)
• Met periodically with House and Senate GOP Leadership staff about specific issues and/or the broader legislative agenda
• Met with White House officials about health care issues
• Met with Members of the Senate and House – emphasis on House Ways & Means Committee Members – to discuss health care issues
• Made government relations presentations at NAW member direct member company and member association conventions and meetings
• Met with Members of the Senate and House Armed Services Committees and Oversight Committees to discuss the Procurement Through Commercial e-Commerce Portals program
• Attended meeting with the General Services Administration (GSA) to discuss the Commercial e-Commerce Portal initiative, as outlined in Section 846 of the FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act
• Sent letters to the House and Senate supporting the DRIVE-Safe Act
• Actively participated in meetings of the Infrastructure Working Group • Submitted three sets of comments to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMSCA) in support of Federal pre-emption of California’s trucking Hours of Service rules and regulations
• Submitted comments to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMSCA) in support of their notice of proposed rulemaking on nationwide updates to hours of service rules to increase safety and provide additional flexibility for commercial drivers
• Participated in meetings and conference calls with new coalition organized to respond to rule-making by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
• Met with Congressman Guy Reschenthaler (PA-4)
• Meet with Chief of Staff and key committee staff of Senator Marco Rubio (FL)
• Met with the following Congressional offices: Anthony Brindisi (NY-22), Sean Casten (IL-6), Elaine Luria (VA-02), Elissa Slotkin (MI-8), Dean Phillips (MN-03), Lizzie Fletcher (TX-7), Steve Watkins (KS-2), Mike Waltz (R-FL), Abby Finkenauer (IA-1), Ben McAdams (UT-4), Xochitl Torres Small (NM-2), Ross Spano (FL-15), Susan Wild (PA-7), Dan Crenshaw (TX-2), Daniel Lipinski (IL-3), Ben Cline (VA-6); Mark Walker (NC-6); Bradley Byrne (AL-1); Tim Walberg (MI-7); Francis Rooney (FL-19); Cindy Axne (IA-3); Chrissy Houlahan (PA-6); Henry Cuellar (TX-28); Ann Kirkpatrick (AZ-2); Jim Costa (CA-16); Kurt Schrader (OR-5); George Holding (NC2); Darrin LaHood (IL-18); Sharice Davids (KS-03); Kenda Horn (OK-5); Ami Bera (CA-7); Anthony Brown (MD-4); Mike Thompson (CA-5); Drew Ferguson (GA-3); Ed Perlmutter (CO-7); Tom O’Halleran (AZ-1); Stacey Plaskett (VI-AL); William Keating (MA-9); Scott Peters (CA-52); David Schweikert (AZ-6); Mike Quigley (IL5); Ann Kuster (NH-2); Collin Allred (TX-32); Jim Hines (CT-4); Suzan DelBene (WA-1); Steve Scalise (LA-1)
• Attended dinner with Congressmen Will Hurd (TX-23) and Greg Pence (IN-6)
• Met with staff from House Republican Conference Chairwoman Liz Cheney (R-WY)
• Attended fundraising events for Representatives Elise Stefanik (NY- 21); Jason Smith (MO-8); Brian Mast (FL-18); Liz Cheney (WY-AL); Troy Balderson (OH-12); Dave Joyce (OH-14)
• Attended fund-raising events for Sen. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS); Sen. Thom Tillis (R-NC); Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY); Sen. Martha McSally (R-AZ); Sen. Marco Rubio (R-FL); Sen. Dan Sullivan (R-AK); John James, GOP candidate for U.S. Senate from MI; Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE); Carl DeMaio, GOP candidate Congress for California 50th District
• Met with Young Kim, candidate for Congress for California 39th District
• Had informal dinner with Sen. Rick Scott (R-FL)
• Attended meeting of trade association colleagues with Acting Secretary of Labor Pat Pizzella and his senior staff
• Organized meeting at NAW of trade association colleagues with senior staff of Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL) to discuss economic issues
• Met with David Young, GOP candidate for Congress from Iowa
• Met with Nicole Rodden, GOP candidate for Congress from Georgia
• Attended candidate reception for Maverick PAC, supporting female GOP congressional candidates

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